THE LAND SETTLEMENT.
土地安置。

It was morning before Nekhludoff could fall asleep, and therefore he woke up late. —
到天亮前涅赫鲁多夫才入睡，因此他起得很晚。 —

At noon seven men, chosen from among the peasants at the foreman’s invitation, came into the orchard, where the foreman had arranged a table and benches by digging posts into the ground, and fixing boards on the top, under the apple trees. —
中午时分，七名从农奴中选出的人应工头的邀请走进果园，工头在苹果树下安排了一张桌子和长凳，他们在地上插着桩，板子放在上面。 —

It took some time before the peasants could be persuaded to put on their caps and to sit down on the benches. —
在说服农奴戴上帽子并坐在长凳上之前需要花一些时间。 —

Especially firm was the ex-soldier, who to-day had bark shoes on. —
尤其是那个有树皮鞋的前士兵，今天他就站得笔直，像葬礼上那样捧着帽子，按照军规。 —

He stood erect, holding his cap as they do at funerals, according to military regulation. —
当他们中一位看起来体面，肩宽背阔，留着像弥赛亚·安哥洛画作《摩西》里那样卷曲灰色卷发的一把灰白胡须的老人戴上他的大帽子，把外套裹在身上，走到桌子后坐下时，其他人也纷纷效仿。 —

When one of them, a respectable-looking, broad-shouldered old man, with a curly, grizzly beard like that of Michael Angelo’s “Moses,” and grey hair that curled round the brown, bald forehead, put on his big cap, and, wrapping his coat round him, got in behind the table and sat down, the rest followed his example. —
在所有人就坐后，涅赫鲁多夫坐在他们对面，俯身在桌子上，踱着自己拟定的计划书的纸上，开始解释。 —

When all had taken their places Nekhludoff sat down opposite them, and leaning on the table over the paper on which he had drawn up his project, he began explaining it.
或许是因为在场人员较少，或是因为他专注于手上的业务而不是自己，无论如何，这次涅赫鲁多夫没有感到困扰。

Whether it was that there were fewer present, or that he was occupied with the business in hand and not with himself, anyhow, this time Nekhludoff felt no confusion. —
他下意识地和那位头发梨花卷的老人对话，期待着他的赞同或反对。 —

He involuntarily addressed the broad-shouldered old man with white ringlets in his grizzly beard, expecting approbation or objections from him. —
但涅赫鲁多夫的猜测错误了。这位看起来体面的老家伙，虽然赞同或反对的点头或皱眉，但显然很难理解，只有当别人用自己的话重复涅赫鲁多夫说的话时才勉强明白。 —

But Nekhludoff’s conjecture was wrong. The respectable-looking old patriarch, though he nodded his handsome head approvingly or shook it, and frowned when the others raised an objection, evidently understood with great difficulty, and only when the others repeated what Nekhludoff had said in their own words. —
一位几乎没有胡须的老小个子，一只眼睛失明，坐在老家伙旁边，穿着补丁的土布外套，旧靴子，涅赫鲁多夫后来发现，他是一个砌炉灶的，理解能力好多了。 —

A little, almost beardless old fellow, blind in one eye, who sat by the side of the patriarch, and had a patched nankeen coat and old boots on, and, as Nekhludoff found out later, was an oven-builder, understood much better. —
这个人用力地挑动眉毛，努力地听涅赫鲁多夫的话，立即用自己的方式重复了出来。 —

This man moved his brows quickly, attending to Nekhludoff’s words with an effort, and at once repeated them in his own way. —
一个双眼明亮，有白胡子和睿智眼神的老人也很快明白了，时机成熟就插上一句讽刺的笑话，显然想炫耀一下。 —

An old, thick-set man with a white beard and intelligent eyes understood as quickly, and took every opportunity to put in an ironical joke, clearly wishing to show off. —
前士兵似乎也懂事，但混淆了，习惯于毫无意义的士兵说话。 —

The ex-soldier seemed also to understand matters, but got mixed, being used to senseless soldiers’ talk. —
属于工头邀请的农奴中者开始了审议。 —

A tall man with a small beard, a long nose, and a bass voice, who wore clean, home-made clothes and new bark-plaited shoes, seemed to be the one most seriously interested. —
一个个子高、留着小胡子、长着尖尖的鼻子、声音低沉的男人，穿着干净的自制衣服和新的树皮编织鞋子，似乎是最认真关注的人。 —

This man spoke only when there was need of it. —
这个人只在有必要的时候开口。 —

The two other old men, the same toothless one who had shouted a distinct refusal at the meeting the day before to every proposal of Nekhludoff’s, and a tall, white lame old man with a kind face, his thin legs tightly wrapped round with strips of linen, said little, though they listened attentively. —
另外两个老人，一个是前一天在会议上对涅赫留多夫的每一个提议都明确拒绝的那个无牙老人，另一个是个高个、白发、长相慈祥的跛腿老人，绷着布条紧裹着瘦腿，说话不多，但听得津津有味。 —

First of all Nekhludoff explained his views in regard to personal property in land. —
首先，涅赫留多夫解释他对土地私有制的看法。 —

“The land, according to my idea, can neither he bought nor sold, because if it could be, he who has got the money could buy it all, and exact anything he liked for the use of the land from those who have none.”
“在我看来，土地既不能买也不能卖，因为如果能够这样做，有钱人就可以买下一切，从那些没有土地的人那里要求任何他喜欢的用地报酬。”

“That’s true,” said the long-nosed man, in a deep bass.
“说得对，”那个长鼻子男人低沉地应道。

“Just so,” said the ex-soldier.
“正是如此，”那个老兵说。

“A woman gathers a little grass for her cow; —
“一个妇女为自己的奶牛采了一点草；被逮捕关进监狱，”那个白胡子的老人说。 —

she’s caught and imprisoned,” said the white-bearded old man.
“我们自己的土地离这里还有五公里，而租土地根本不可能；价格涨得那么高，根本不划算，”无牙老人补充道。

“Our own land is five versts away, and as to renting any it’s impossible; —
“他们把我们绞成了比农奴时代更糟的绳索。” —

the price is raised so high that it won’t pay,” added the cross, toothless old man. —
“我跟你们想的一样，我觉得拥有土地是一种罪过，所以我想放弃，”涅赫留多夫说。 —

“They twist us into ropes, worse than during serfdom.”
“那是件好事，”头发像米开朗基罗的《摩西》一样卷曲的老人说，显然认为涅赫留多夫打算把土地让出去。

“I think as you do, and I count it a sin to possess land, so I wish to give it away,” said Nekhludoff.
“我来这里是因为我不再想拥有任何土地，现在我们必须考虑最好的分配方式。”

“Well, that’s a good thing,” said the old man, with curls like Angelo’s “Moses,” evidently thinking that Nekhludoff meant to let the land.
“That’s a good thing,” said the old man with curls like Angelo’s “Moses,” evidently thinking that Nekhludoff meant to let the land.

“I have come here because I no longer wish to possess any land, and now we must consider the best way of dividing it.”
“I have come here because I no longer wish to possess any land, and now we must consider the best way of dividing it.”

“Just give it to the peasants, that’s all,” said the cross, toothless old man.
“把土地分给农民们就行了，仅此而已，”那位穿着交叉衬衣、没有牙齿的老人说道。

Nekhludoff was abashed for a moment, feeling a suspicion of his not being honest in these words, but he instantly recovered, and made use of the remark, in order to express what was in his mind, in reply.
涅赫鲁多夫瞬间感到有些尴尬，怀疑他这番话并不诚实，但他立刻恢复过来，并用这句话表达了自己心中的想法，作为回应。

“I should be glad to give it them,” he said, “but to whom, and how? To which of the peasants? —
“我很愿意给他们，”他说，“但是分给谁，以及如何分？给哪个村的农民呢？ —

Why, to your commune, and not to that of Deminsk.” —
“哦，当然是你们这个村的，而不是Deminsk那个村的。” —

(That was the name of a neighbouring village with very little land. —
(这是一个土地很少的邻村的名字。) —

) All were silent. Then the ex-soldier said, “Just so.”
所有人都沉默了。然后，那位前士兵说，“就是这样。”

“Now, then, tell me how would you divide the land among the peasants if you had to do it?” said Nekhludoff.
“那么告诉我，如果你要分配土地给农民，你会怎么分？”涅赫鲁多夫问道。

“We should divide it up equally, so much for every man,” said the oven-builder, quickly raising and lowering his brows.
“我们应该平均分配，每个人都应该有一份，”砖砌烤箱师傅迅速地挑动着眉毛说道。

“How else? Of course, so much per man,” said the good natured lame man with the white strips of linen round his legs.
“怎么可能有其他情况呢？当然每人一份，”那位腿上裹着白色绷带的善良跛子说。

Every one confirmed this statement, considering it satisfactory.
每个人都认为这种说法是令人满意的。

“So much per man? Then are the servants attached to the house also to have a share?” Nekhludoff asked.
“每人一份？那么家里的仆人也要分一份吗？”涅赫鲁多夫问道。

“Oh, no,” said the ex-soldier, trying to appear bold and merry. —
“哦，不，”那位前士兵说，试图表现得勇敢和开心。 —

But the tall, reasonable man would not agree with him.
但是那位高大、理性的男人不同意他。

“If one is to divide, all must share alike,” he said, in his deep bass, after a little consideration.
“如果要分，所有人都应该均分，”他沉思片刻后深沉的嗓音说道。

“It can’t be done,” said Nekhludoff, who had already prepared his reply. —
“这是不可能的，”涅赫鲁多夫说道，他已经准备好了回应。 —

“If all are to share alike, then those who do not work themselves–do not plough–will sell their shares to the rich. —
如果所有人都要平均分享，那么那些不工作的人 — 不耕种的人 — 将把他们的份额卖给富人。 —

The rich will again get at the land. Those who live by working the land will multiply, and land will again be scarce. —
富人将再次获得土地。靠劳动生活的人会增加，土地将再次变得稀缺。 —

Then the rich will again get those who need land into their power.”
然后富人再次控制那些需要土地的人。

“Just so,” quickly said the ex-soldier.
“正是如此，”前军人迅速说道。

“Forbid to sell the land; let only him who ploughs it have it,” angrily interrupted the oven-builder.
“禁止出售土地；只让那些耕种土地的人拥有它，”炉灶工愤怒地打断道。

To this Nekhludoff replied that it was impossible to know who was ploughing for himself and who for another.
尼哈鲁多夫回答说，很难知道谁是为自己耕种谁是为他人耕种。

The tall, reasonable man proposed that an arrangement be made so that they should all plough communally, and those who ploughed should get the produce and those who did not should get nothing.
高大而理性的人建议制定安排，让他们一起耕种，那些耕种的人将获得产物，而那些不耕种的人将一无所得。

To this communistic project Nekhludoff had also an answer ready. —
尼哈鲁多夫对这个共产主义计划也有答复。 —

He said that for such an arrangement it would be necessary that all should have ploughs, and that all the horses should be alike, so that none should be left behind, and that ploughs and horses and all the implements would have to be communal property, and that in order to get that, all the people would have to agree.
他说，为了这样一个安排，所有人都必须拥有犁具，并且所有的马都应该是相同的，这样就不会有人掉队，所有的犁具、马匹和所有的工具都必须是共产财产，为了实现这一点，所有的人都必须达成一致。

“Our people could not be made to agree in a lifetime,” said the cross old man.
“我们的人在一生中都不可能达成一致，”生气的老人说。

“We should have regular fights,” said the white-bearded old man with the laughing eyes. —
“我们会有定期的争斗，”那个留着白色胡须的老人笑眼说。 —

“So that the thing is not as simple as it looks,” said Nekhludoff, “and this is a thing not only we but many have been considering. —
“所以事情并不像看起来的那么简单，”尼哈鲁多夫说，“这不仅是我们而且也是许多人一直在考虑的问题。 —

There is an American, Henry George. This is what he has thought out, and I agree with him.”
有一个美国人，亨利 · 乔治。这就是他想出来的，我同意他的观点。”

“Why, you are the master, and you give it as you like. —
“你是主人，你就按照自己的意愿来。 —

What’s it to you? The power is yours,” said the cross old man.
这跟你有什么关系？权力是你的，”生气的老人说。

This confused Nekhludoff, but he was pleased to see that not he alone was dissatisfied with this interruption.
这让涅赫留多夫感到困惑，但他很高兴看到不止他一个人对这次打断感到不满。

“You wait a bit, Uncle Simon; let him tell us about it,” said the reasonable man, in his imposing bass.
“你等一等，西蒙叔叔；让他给我们讲讲吧，”那个理性的人用他威严的低音说道。

This emboldened Nekhludoff, and he began to explain Henry George’s single-tax system “The earth is no man’s; —
这让涅赫留多夫变得更加大胆，他开始解释亨利·乔治的单一税制。“地球不属于任何人； —

it is God’s,” he began.
它属于上帝，”他开始说。

“Just so; that it is,” several voices replied.
“确实如此；正是如此，”几个声音回答道。

“The land is common to all. All have the same right to it, but there is good land and bad land, and every one would like to take the good land. —
“土地是共同的财产。所有人对它拥有同样的权利，但有好土地和坏土地，每个人都想得到好土地。 —

How is one to do in order to get it justly divided? In this way: —
要怎么做才能公正分配呢？这样来做： —

he that will use the good land must pay those who have got no land the value of the land he uses,” Nekhludoff went on, answering his own question. —
要使用好地的人必须向那些没有土地的人支付他所使用的土地价值，”涅赫鲁多夫接着回答自己的问题。 —

“As it would be difficult to say who should pay whom, and money is needed for communal use, it should be arranged that he who uses the good land should pay the amount of the value of his land to the commune for its needs. —
因为很难说应该谁向谁支付，而且需要钱来进行公共使用，应当安排那些使用好土地的人应向公社支付他土地价值的金额以供其需要。 —

Then every one would share equally. If you want to use land pay for it–more for the good, less for the bad land. —
然后每个人将平等分享。如果你想使用土地就付费–对好土地支付更多，对坏土地支付较少。 —

If you do not wish to use land, don’t pay anything, and those who use the land will pay the taxes and the communal expenses for you.”
如果你不想使用土地，就不用付任何费用，那些使用土地的人将为你支付税款和公共费用。

“Well, he had a head, this George,” said the oven-builder, moving his brows. —
“唔，这个乔治可真有脑袋，”炉灶匠说着，皱起了眉头。 —

“He who has good land must pay more.”
“有好土地的人必须支付更多。

“If only the payment is according to our strength,” said the tall man with the bass voice, evidently foreseeing how the matter would end.
“只要付款符合我们的能力就行，”那个声音沉稳的高个子男人显然已经预见到事情会如何结束。

“The payment should be not too high and not too low. —
“支付不应太高也不应太低。 —

If it is too high it will not get paid, and there will be a loss; —
如果太高就无法支付，会有损失; —

and if it is too low it will be bought and sold. —
如果太低就会被买卖。 —

There would be a trading in land. This is what I wished to arrange among you here.”
土地将被交易。这就是我希望在你们之间安排的事情。

“That is just, that is right; yes, that would do,” said the peasants.
“这很公正，这很正确；是的，这样会行，”农民们说。

“He has a head, this George,” said the broad-shouldered old man with the curls. —
“这个乔治有主意，”那位留着卷发的宽肩老人说。 —

“See what he has invented.”
“看看他发明了什么。

“Well, then, how would it be if I wished to take some land?” asked the smiling foreman.
“那么，如果我想要占用一些土地会怎么样呢？”微笑的工头问道。

“If there is an allotment to spare, take it and work it,” said Nekhludoff.
“如果有闲置的土地，拿了就去种吧，”涅赫鲁多夫说道。

“What do you want it for? You have sufficient as it is,” said the old man with the laughing eyes.
“你要它做什么？你已经足够了，”那位眼睛笑得明亮的老人说道。

With this the conference ended.
会议至此结束。

Nekhludoff repeated his offer, and advised the men to talk it over with the rest of the commune and to return with the answer.
涅赫鲁多夫重申了他的提议，并建议这些人与整个公社讨论后再带着答复回来。

The peasants said they would talk it over and bring an answer, and left in a state of excitement. —
农民们说他们会商量一下然后带着答复回来，便兴奋地离开了。 —

Their loud talk was audible as they went along the road, and up to late in the night the sound of voices came along the river from the village.
他们走在路上的时候，他们的大声交谈声在空中响起，并一直持续到半夜河边村庄传来人声。

The next day the peasants did not go to work, but spent it in considering the landlord’s offer. —
第二天农民们不去工作，而是花时间考虑领主的提议。 —

The commune was divided into two parties–one which regarded the offer as a profitable one to themselves and saw no danger in agreeing with it, and another which suspected and feared the offer it did not understand. —
公社分为两派–一派认为这个提议对他们自己有利，不认为其中有任何危险，另一派怀疑并害怕这个他们不理解的提议。 —

On the third day, however, all agreed, and some were sent to Nekhludoff to accept his offer. —
第三天，所有人都同意了，派人去向涅赫鲁多夫接受他的提议。 —

They were influenced in their decision by the explanation some of the old men gave of the landlord’s conduct, which did away with all fear of deceit. —
一些老人对领主的行为进行了解释，这影响了他们的决定，消除了任何欺骗的恐惧。 —

They thought the gentleman had begun to consider his soul, and was acting as he did for its salvation. —
他们认为这位绅士开始考虑他的灵魂，并以此行动。 —

The alms which Nekhludoff had given away while in Panovo made his explanation seem likely. —
涅赫鲁多夫在帕诺沃村施舍的物品使这种解释变得可信。 —

The fact that Nekhludoff had never before been face to face with such great poverty and so bare a life as the peasants had come to in this place, and was so appalled by it, made him give away money in charity, though he knew that this was not reasonable. —
涅赫鲁多夫此前从未亲眼见过像这些农民在这个地方遭遇的如此巨大的贫困和如此贫瘠的生活，对此深感震惊，因此他给予了慈善救助，尽管他知道这并不合理。 —

He could not help giving the money, of which he now had a great deal, having received a large sum for the forest he had sold the year before, and also the hand money for the implements and stock in Kousminski. —
他不得不给这笔钱，他现在有了很多钱，因为他前一年卖掉了森林，并从库兹明斯基那里收到了农具和牲口的初级费用。 —

As soon as it was known that the master was giving money in charity, crowds of people, chiefly women, began to come to ask him for help. —
一旦知道主人在施舍钱财，成群的人，主要是妇女，就开始前来请求帮助。 —

He did not in the least know how to deal with them, how to decide, how much, and whom to give to. —
他根本不知道该如何处理他们，该如何决定，该给多少，该给谁。 —

He felt that to refuse to give money, of which he had a great deal, to poor people was impossible, yet to give casually to those who asked was not wise. —
他觉得拒绝给钱是不可能的，尽管他有很多钱，但随便给那些要钱的人也不明智。 —

The last day he spent in Panovo, Nekhludoff looked over the things left in his aunts’ house, and in the bottom drawer of the mahogany wardrobe, with the brass lions’ heads with rings through them, he found many letters, and amongst them a photograph of a group, consisting of his aunts, Sophia Ivanovna and Mary Ivanovna, a student, and Katusha. —
尼哈留多夫度过在帕诺沃的最后一天，翻看亲戚们留下的东西，从镶着黄铜狮子头环的红木衣柜的最底抽屉里找到了许多信件，其中有一张照片，上面有他的阿姨们，索菲娅·伊万诺芙娜和玛丽·伊万诺芙娜，一位学生，还有卡秋莎。 —

Of all the things in the house he took only the letters and the photograph. —
他只拿走了信件和照片。 —

The rest he left to the miller who, at the smiling foreman’s recommendation, had bought the house and all it contained, to be taken down and carried away, at one-tenth of the real value.
其余的留给了磨坊主，他按着笑容满面的管工的推荐，以十分之一的真实价值买下了房子和所有的物品，打算将其拆卸和搬走。

Recalling the feeling of regret at the loss of his property which he had felt in Kousminski, Nekhludoff was surprised how he could have felt this regret. —
想起在库兹明斯基对失去财产感到遗憾的感觉，尼哈留多夫对自己曾有过这种遗憾感到惊讶。 —

Now he felt nothing but unceasing joy at the deliverance, and a sensation of newness something like that which a traveller must experience when discovering new countries.
现在，他只感受到无尽的喜悦和解脱，一种类似旅行者在发现新国家时会体验到的新奇感。

——– 一，——–