WHY THE PEASANTS FLOCK TO TOWN.
为什么农民们涌向市镇。

The prison was a long way off and it was getting late, so Nekhludoff took an isvostchik. —
监狱离得很远，并且天色已晚，所以涅赫鲁多夫选择了坐马车。 —

The isvostchik, a middle-aged man with an intelligent and kind face, turned round towards Nekhludoff as they were driving along one of the streets and pointed to a huge house that was being built there.
坐在马车上的一个中年人，脸上显得聪明而善良，转过头来朝涅赫鲁多夫指了指他们正在行驶的街道旁正在建造的一个巨大的房子。

“Just see what a tremendous house they have begun to build,” he said, as if he was partly responsible for the building of the house and proud of it. —
“看看他们竟然开始建造这样一座巨大的房子，” 他说，仿佛对这座房子的建造负有部分责任，并为此而感到骄傲。 —

The house was really immense and was being built in a very original style. —
这栋房子实在是巨大，而且以非常独特的风格建造。 —

The strong pine beams of the scaffolding were firmly fixed together with iron bands and a plank wall separated the building from the street.
坚固的松木横梁用铁带牢牢地连接在一起，一面木板墙将建筑与街道隔开。

On the boards of the scaffolding workmen, all bespattered with plaster, moved hither and thither like ants. —
工人们在脚手架上忙碌着，就像蚂蚁般来回穿梭。 —

Some were laying bricks, some hewing stones, some carrying up the heavy hods and pails and bringing them down empty. —
有人在砌砖，有人在凿石头，有人费力地搬上重物和水桶，再空着放下来。 —

A fat and finely-dressed gentleman–probably the architect–stood by the scaffolding, pointing upward and explaining something to a contractor, a peasant from the Vladimir Government, who was respectfully listening to him. —
一个肥胖而衣着精良的绅士——很可能是建筑师——站在脚手架旁，向一个来自弗拉基米尔州的承包商指着上面解释着什么，承包商恭敬地倾听着。 —

Empty carts were coming out of the gate by which the architect and the contractor were standing, and loaded ones were going in. —
空车从建筑师和承包商站立的大门出来，而装满货物的车则驶进去。 —

“And how sure they all are–those that do the work as well as those that make them do it–that it ought to be; —
“无论是做活的人还是让他们干活的人，他们都确信应该这样； —

that while their wives at home, who are with child, are labouring beyond their strength, and their children with the patchwork caps, doomed soon to the cold grave, smile with suffering and contort their little legs, they must be building this stupid and useless palace for some stupid and useless person–one of those who spoil and rob them,” Nekhludoff thought, while looking at the house.
在家里怀孕的妻子们超负荷工作，他们那些即将踏入寒冷坟墓的带着补丁的帽子的孩子，挣扎着微笑着扭曲着小腿，他们必须为一些愚蠢又无用的人建造这座愚蠢又无用的宫殿—那些毁坏和掠夺他们的人之一，涅赫鲁多夫看着那座房子时想到。

“Yes, it is a stupid house,” he said, uttering his thought out aloud.
“是的，这是个愚蠢的房子，” 他大声说道。

“Why stupid?” replied the isvostchik, in an offended tone. —
“为什么愚蠢？” 马车夫生气地回答说。 —

“Thanks to it, the people get work; it’s not stupid.”
“多亏了它，人们有了工作；这并不愚蠢。”

“But the work is useless.”
“但这项工作是无用的。”

“It can’t be useless, or why should it be done?” said the isvostchik. “The people get bread by it.”
“不可能是无用的，否则为什么要做呢？”伊斯沃斯特奇克说道。“人们通过这项工作得到了面包。”

Nekhludoff was silent, and it would have been difficult to talk because of the clatter the wheels made.
涅赫留朵夫沉默了，因为车轮的嘈杂声使交谈变得困难。

When they came nearer the prison, and the isvostchik turned off the paved on to the macadamised road, it became easier to talk, and he again turned to Nekhludoff.
当他们靠近监狱，伊斯沃斯特奇克将车从铺砌的路转向碎石路时，谈话变得容易了，他再次转向涅赫留朵夫。

“And what a lot of these people are flocking to the town nowadays; —
“现在这么多人涌向城镇； —

it’s awful,” he said, turning round on the box and pointing to a party of peasant workmen who were coming towards them, carrying saws, axes, sheepskins, coats, and bags strapped to their shoulders.
太可怕了，”他转身坐在车箱上指着一群农民工人说，他们正走向他们，肩上背着锯子，斧头，羊皮，上衣和挂着袋子。

“More than in other years?” Nekhludoff asked.
“比往年多吗？”涅赫留朵夫问。

“By far. This year every place is crowded, so that it’s just terrible. —
“远远多，今年每个地方都拥挤，简直可怕。 —

The employers just fling the workmen about like chaff. —
雇主们随便把工人甩来甩去。 —

Not a job to be got.”
找不到工作。”

“Why is that?”
“为什么会这样呢？”

“They’ve increased. There’s no room for them.”
“他们增加了。已经没地方容纳他们了。”

“Well, what if they have increased? Why do not they stay in the village?”
“增加了又怎样？为什么他们不留在村庄呢？”

“There’s nothing for them to do in the village–no land to be had.”
“村里没有他们干的活–拿不到土地。”

Nekhludoff felt as one does when touching a sore place. —
涅赫留朵夫触及到痛处时感到了不适。 —

It feels as if the bruised part was always being hit; —
感觉就好像受伤的部位一直被打击； —

yet it is only because the place is sore that the touch is felt.
但实际上只是因为那个地方疼痛才感觉到触碰。

“Is it possible that the same thing is happening everywhere?” —
“可能各处都发生了类似的事情吗？” —

he thought, and began questioning the isvostchik about the quantity of land in his village, how much land the man himself had, and why he had left the country.
他想着，开始询问马车夫他村庄的土地数量，他自己拥有多少土地，以及为什么离开乡村。

“We have a desiatin per man, sir,” he said. “Our family have three men’s shares of the land. —
“每个人分到一顷土地，先生，”他说。”我们家有三人的土地份额。 —

My father and a brother are at home, and manage the land, and another brother is serving in the army. —
我父亲和一个兄弟在家里，管理着土地，另一个兄弟在部队服役。 —

But there’s nothing to manage. My brother has had thoughts of coming to Moscow, too.”
但没有什么可以管理的。我兄弟也曾想过要来莫斯科。”

“And cannot land be rented?”
“难道土地不能出租吗？”

“How’s one to rent it nowadays? The gentry, such as they were, have squandered all theirs. —
“现在怎么租？绅士们，就算他们曾经是如何，都挥霍一空了。 —

Men of business have got it all into their own hands. One can’t rent it from them. —
商人们都把土地掌握在自己手里。我们无法从他们那里租到。 —

They farm it themselves. We have a Frenchman ruling in our place; —
他们自己经营。我们村里有一位法国人统治； —

he bought the estate from our former landlord, and won’t let it–and there’s an end of it.”
他从以前的地主那里购买了地产，并且不会放手–一切就此结束了。”

“Who’s that Frenchman?”
“那位法国人是谁？”

“Dufour is the Frenchman’s name. Perhaps you’ve heard of him. —
“那位法国人名叫杜富尔。也许您听说过他。 —

He makes wigs for the actors in the big theatre; it is a good business, so he’s prospering. —
他为大剧院的演员做假发；这是个好买卖，所以他很成功。” —

He bought it from our lady, the whole of the estate, and now he has us in his power; —
他从我们夫人那里买下了整个庄园，现在他控制着我们； —

he just rides on us as he pleases. The Lord be thanked, he is a good man himself; —
他随心所欲地对待我们。感谢上帝，他本人是个好人； —

only his wife, a Russian, is such a brute that–God have mercy on us. She robs the people. —
只有他的妻子，一个俄罗斯人，太残忍了–上帝怜悯我们。她抢劫人民； —

It’s awful. Well, here’s the prison. Am I to drive you to the entrance? I’m afraid they’ll not let us do it, though.”
太可怕了。好了，这就是监狱。我是不是该把您送到入口？我担心他们可能不会让我们这样做，虽然。