PROPERTY IN LAND.
在土地上的财产。

It was possible for Maslova’s case to come before the Senate in a fortnight, at which time Nekhludoff meant to go to Petersburg, and, if need be, to appeal to the Emperor (as the advocate who had drawn up the petition advised) should the appeal be disregarded (and, according to the advocate, it was best to be prepared for that, since the causes for appeal were so slight). —
Maslova的案件有可能在两周后提交给参议院，届时涅克露多夫打算前往圣彼得堡，如果必要的话，向皇帝提出上诉（正如起草请愿书的律师建议的那样），如果上诉被忽视（根据律师的说法，最好做好准备，因为上诉的理由很轻微）。 —

The party of convicts, among whom was Maslova, would very likely leave in the beginning of June. In order to be able to follow her to Siberia, as Nekhludoff was firmly resolved to do, he was now obliged to visit his estates, and settle matters there. —
囚犯团的一部分，包括Maslova在内，很可能在六月初动身前往西伯利亚。由于涅克露多夫坚决决定要跟随她去西伯利亚，他现在被迫前往自己的领地，并在那里解决问题。 —

Nekhludoff first went to the nearest, Kousminski, a large estate that lay in the black earth district, and from which he derived the greatest part of his income.
涅克露多夫首先去了最近的库兹明斯基领地，这是一个位于黑土区的大庄园，他的大部分收入都来自这里。

He had lived on that estate in his childhood and youth, and had been there twice since, and once, at his mother’s request, he had taken a German steward there, and had with him verified the accounts. —
他在那个领地度过了童年和青年时期，并在那之后去过两次，并且有一次，应母亲之邀，他带了一位德国管家去了那里，并跟他核对了账目。 —

The state of things there and the peasants’ relations to the management, i. —
那里的情况以及农民与管理即地主之间的关系因此对他已经很熟悉了。 —

e., the landlord, had therefore been long known to him. —
農民与管理层，即地主之间的关系长久以来就为他所熟悉。 —

The relations of the peasants to the administration were those of utter dependence on that management. —
农民与管理机构的关系是完全依赖于那种管理。 —

Nekhludoff knew all this when still a university student, he had confessed and preached Henry Georgeism, and, on the basis of that teaching, had given the land inherited from his father to the peasants. —
当尼哈鲁多夫还是大学生的时候就知道了这一切，他承认并传播亨利·乔治主义，并基于这种教义将从父亲那里继承的土地赠予了农民。 —

It is true that after entering the army, when he got into the habit of spending 20,000 roubles a year, those former occupations ceased to be regarded as a duty, and were forgotten, and he not only left off asking himself where the money his mother allowed him came from, but even avoided thinking about it. —
当他进入军队后，每年花费2万卢布的习惯使那些以前的活动不再被视为一种责任，被遗忘了，并且他不仅不再问自己母亲给他的钱是从哪里来的，甚至都避免思考这个问题。 —

But his mother’s death, the coming into the property, and the necessity of managing it, again raised the question as to what his position in reference to private property in land was. —
但他母亲去世、遗产归还后，又必须管理这之间，再次提出了关于他在私人领地的地位问题。 —

A month before Nekhludoff would have answered that he had not the strength to alter the existing order of things; —
一个月前，尼哈鲁多夫会回答他没有力量改变现存事物； —

that it was not he who was administering the estate; —
并非他在管理财产； —

and would one way or another have eased his conscience, continuing to live far from his estates, and having the money sent him. —
并且或多或少安慰了他的良心，继续远离自己的领地生活，并让钱寄给他。 —

But now he decided that he could not leave things to go on as they were, but would have to alter them in a way unprofitable to himself, even though he had all these complicated and difficult relations with the prison world which made money necessary, as well as a probable journey to Siberia before him. —
但现在他决定不能任事情继续下去，而是要进行不利于自己的改变，尽管他与监狱世界有许多错综复杂的关系，需要金钱，以及前往西伯利亚的可能行程。 —

Therefore he decided not to farm the land, but to let it to the peasants at a low rent, to enable them to cultivate it without depending on a landlord. —
因此，他决定不经营这片土地，而是以较低的租金租给农民，以使他们能够在不依赖地主的情况下开垦土地。 —

More than once, when comparing the position of a landowner with that of an owner of serfs, Nekhludoff had compared the renting of land to the peasants instead of cultivating it with hired labour, to the old system by which serf proprietors used to exact a money payment from their serfs in place of labour. —
尼哈鲁多夫曾多次比较地主与农奴主的地位，将土地租给农民而不是用雇佣劳工耕种，与以前农奴主强迫农奴支付金钱而不是劳动的旧制度相比。 —

It was not a solution of the problem, and yet a step towards the solution; —
这并不是问题的解决方案，但是朝解决方案迈出了一步； —

it was a movement towards a less rude form of slavery. —
这是朝着更少粗鲁形式奴隶制度的一步。 —

And it was in this way he meant to act.
他就是这样打算行动。

Nekhludoff reached Kousminski about noon. —
尼哈鲁多夫中午到达了库兹明斯基。 —

Trying to simplify his life in every way, he did not telegraph, but hired a cart and pair at the station. —
为了尽量简化自己的生活，他没有发电报，而是在车站租了一辆马车和一对马。 —

The driver was a young fellow in a nankeen coat, with a belt below his long waist. —
司机是一个穿着黄褐色外衣，并系在他修长的腰部以下的皮带的年轻小伙子。 —

He was glad to talk to the gentleman, especially because while they were talking his broken-winded white horse and the emaciated spavined one could go at a foot-pace, which they always liked to do.
他很高兴能和绅士聊天，尤其是因为当他们交谈时，他那只气喘吁吁的白马和瘦弱的患有跛行病的马可以一步一个脚印地前行，他们总是喜欢这样做。

The driver spoke about the steward at Kousminski without knowing that he was driving “the master.” —
司机谈到了寇斯明斯基的管家，却不知道他正在接驾的是“主人”。 —

Nekhludoff had purposely not told him who he was.
涅赫留多夫故意没有告诉他自己的身份。

“That ostentatious German,” said the driver (who had been to town and read novels) as he sat sideways on the box, passing his hand from the top to the bottom of his long whip, and trying to show off his accomplishments–“that ostentatious German has procured three light bays, and when he drives out with his lady—oh, my! —
“那个炫耀的德国人，”司机（去过城里并读过小说的）坐在驾驶座上，侧身说着，一边用长鞭从上到下拂拭，试图炫耀他的成就，“那个炫耀的德国人弄来了三匹亮白的马，每当他带着他的夫人出去驰骋–哦，天哪！ —

At Christmas he had a Christmas-tree in the big house. I drove some of the visitors there. —
圣诞节的时候他在大房子里安放了一棵圣诞树。我开车载一些游客去过那里。 —

It had ‘lectric lights; you could not see the like of it in the whole of the government. —
那棵树上有电灯；在整个州里你都看不到这样的。 —

What’s it to him, he has cribbed a heap of money. —
他管着一大把钱，这与他何干。 —

I heard say he has bought an estate.”
我听说他买了一个庄园。”

Nekhludoff had imagined that he was quite indifferent to the way the steward managed his estate, and what advantages the steward derived from it. —
涅赫留多夫原以为对管家处理庄园的方式和从中获得的好处毫不在意。 —

The words of the long-waisted driver, however, were not pleasant to hear.
然而，长腰司机的话听起来并不令人愉快。

A dark cloud now and then covered the sun; the larks were soaring above the fields of winter corn; —
偶尔有一朵乌云遮住太阳；云雀在冬季麦田上空盘旋； —

the forests were already covered with fresh young green; —
森林已经披上嫩绿； —

the meadows speckled with grazing cattle and horses. —
草地上点缀着吃草的牛群和马群。 —

The fields were being ploughed, and Nekhludoff enjoyed the lovely day. —
田地正在耕种，涅赫留多夫享受着这美好的一天。 —

But every now and then he had an unpleasant feeling, and, when he asked himself what it was caused by, he remembered what the driver had told him about the way the German was managing Kousminski. —
但是不时他会感到一种不愉快的感觉，当他问自己是什么原因引起时，他想起了司机告诉他关于德国人管理Kousminski的方式。 —

When he got to his estate and set to work this unpleasant feeling vanished.
当他到达自己的庄园并开始工作时，这种不愉快的感觉消失了。

Looking over the books in the office, and a talk with the foreman, who naively pointed out the advantages to be derived from the facts that the peasants had very little land of their own and that it lay in the midst of the landlord’s fields, made Nekhludoff more than ever determined to leave off farming and to let his land to the peasants.
透过办公室的账簿和与工头的谈话，谁天真地指出了农民拥有很少自己的土地，并且这些土地位于地主的田野中的好处，使涅赫鲁多夫更加决心停止耕种，将土地租给农民。

From the office books and his talk with the foreman, Nekhludoff found that two-thirds of the best of the cultivated land was still being tilled with improved machinery by labourers receiving fixed wages, while the other third was tilled by the peasants at the rate of five roubles per desiatin [about two and three-quarter acres]. —
从办公室的账簿和与工头的谈话中，涅赫鲁多夫发现，最好的耕种土地的三分之二仍然由领取固定工资的劳动者用改进的机械耕种，而另外三分之一则由农民以每亩五卢布的价格耕种。 —

So that the peasants had to plough each desiatin three times, harrow it three times, sow and mow the corn, make it into sheaves, and deliver it on the threshing ground for five roubles, while the same amount of work done by wage labour came to at least 10 roubles. —
因此，农民不得不以非常高的价格用劳动来耕种每亩土地三次，耙地三次，播种和收割谷物，将其打成把，将其送到脱粒场以五卢布的价格售出，而同样数量的工作由雇佣劳动进行则至少要花费十卢布。 —

Everything the peasants got from the office they paid for in labour at a very high price. —
农民从办公室得到的一切都是以非常高昂的劳动代价支付的。 —

They paid in labour for the use of the meadows, for wood, for potato-stalks, and were nearly all of them in debt to the office. —
他们以劳动支付了牧场的使用权，木材，土豆秸秆，几乎所有人都欠办公室的债务。 —

Thus, for the land that lay beyond the cultivated fields, which the peasants hired, four times the price that its value would bring in if invested at five per cent was taken from the peasants.
因此，对于位于耕种田地之外的土地，农民支付了四倍于其价值投资后可带来的价值，即式百分之五的利润。

Nekhludoff had known all this before, but he now saw it in a new light, and wondered how he and others in his position could help seeing how abnormal such conditions are. —
涅赫鲁多夫以前已经知道所有这些，但现在他以一种新的角度看待了这一切，并思考他和其他处在他位置上的人如何能忽视这种异常的状况。 —

The steward’s arguments that if the land were let to the peasants the agricultural implements would fetch next to nothing, as it would be impossible to get even a quarter of their value for them, and that the peasants would spoil the land, and how great a loser Nekhludoff would be, only strengthened Nekhludoff in the opinion that he was doing a good action in letting the land to the peasants and thus depriving himself of a large part of his income. —
监工的论点是，如果土地出租给农民，农业工具的价格将接近于零，因为甚至无法得到它们四分之一的价值，农民会糟蹋土地，并且涅赫鲁多夫会是多么大的损失者，这只强化了涅赫鲁多夫将土地出租给农民的看法，并因此剥夺了自己收入的一大部分。 —

He decided to settle this business now, at once, while he was there. —
他决定立即解决这件事，当下就去办这件事。 —

The reaping and selling of the corn he left for the steward to manage in due season, and also the selling of the agricultural implements and useless buildings. —
收割和销售谷物的事情交给监工在适当的时候管理，也将农业工具和无用建筑物的销售交给监工。 —

But he asked his steward to call the peasants of the three neighbouring villages that lay in the midst of his estate (Kousminski) to a meeting, at which he would tell them of his intentions and arrange about the price at which they were to rent the land.
但他让管家召集他庄园中间的三个邻近村庄（Kousminski）的农民开会，在会议上他会告诉他们自己的意图，并安排他们租赁土地的价格。

With the pleasant sense of the firmness he had shown in the face of the steward’s arguments, and his readiness to make a sacrifice, Nekhludoff left the office, thinking over the business before him, and strolled round the house, through the neglected flower-garden–this year the flowers were planted in front of the steward’s house–over the tennis ground, now overgrown with dandelions, and along the lime-tree walk, where he used to smoke his cigar, and where he had flirted with the pretty Kirimova, his mother’s visitor. —
带着站在管家面前表现出来的坚定感和愿意做出牺牲的态度，涅克拉杜夫离开了办公室，思考着眼前的事务，并在房子周围漫步，穿过荒废的花园–今年花朵是种在管家房子前面的–越过被蒲公英覆盖的网球场，沿着电梯树荫道走去，他曾在那里吸烟，也曾跟他母亲的客人可爱的基里莫娃调情。 —

Having briefly prepared in his mind the speech he was going to make to the peasants, he again went in to the steward, and, after tea, having once more arranged his thoughts, he went into the room prepared for him in the big house, which used to be a spare bedroom.
在脑海中简要准备好要对农民说的讲话后，他再次走进了管家的房间，喝完茶后，再次整理了思绪，进入了大房子里为他准备的房间，那里曾是一间备用卧室。

In this clean little room, with pictures of Venice on the walls, and a mirror between the two windows, there stood a clean bed with a spring mattress, and by the side of it a small table, with a decanter of water, matches, and an extinguisher. —
在这间干净的小房间里，墙上挂着威尼斯的图片，两扇窗户之间有一面镜子，床上放着一张干净的弹簧床垫，床边有一张小桌子，上面摆着一瓶水、火柴和一个熄灭器。 —

On a table by the looking-glass lay his open portmanteau, with his dressing-case and some books in it; —
在镜子旁边的桌子上放着他摊开的旅行箱，里面有他的化妆箱和一些书； —

a Russian book, The Investigation of the Laws of Criminality, and a German and an English book on the same subject, which he meant to read while travelling in the country. —
一本俄罗斯书，研究犯罪法律，以及一本德国和一本英国的关于同一主题的书，他打算在乡间旅行时阅读。 —

But it was too late to begin to-day, and he began preparing to go to bed.
但今天已经太晚了，他开始准备上床睡觉。

An old-fashioned inlaid mahogany arm-chair stood in the corner of the room, and this chair, which Nekhludoff remembered standing in his mother’s bedroom, suddenly raised a perfectly unexpected sensation in his soul. —
一把古老的镶嵌桃花心木扶手椅静静地立在房间的角落，这把椅子让涅克拉杜夫突然感到一种完全意外的感觉。 —

He was suddenly filled with regret at the thought of the house that would tumble to ruin, and the garden that would run wild, and the forest that would be cut down, and all these farmyards, stables, sheds, machines, horses, cows which he knew had cost so much effort, though not to himself, to acquire and to keep. —
他突然被一种遗憾所充盈，想到这栋房子将会坍塌，园子将会荒芜，森林将会砍伐，还有所有这些农场、马厩、小屋、机器、马匹、奶牛，他知道这些都是付出了很多努力，虽然不是他自己，才获得并保持的。 —

It had seemed easy to give up all this, but now it was hard, not only to give this, but even to let the land and lose half his income. —
放弃所有这些曾似乎很容易，但现在不仅放弃这一切很困难，甚至让出土地并失去一半的收入也很困难。 —

And at once a consideration, which proved that it was unreasonable to let the land to the peasants, and thus to destroy his property, came to his service. —
并且他脑子里突然浮现了一个导致他让土地给农民并因此毁掉他的财产是不合理的考虑。 —

“I must not hold property in land. If I possess no property in land, I cannot keep up the house and farm. —
“我不应该拥有土地财产。如果我没有土地财产，那我就不能维护这座房子和农场。 —

And, besides, I am going to Siberia, and shall not need either the house or the estate,” said one voice. —
并且，我要去西伯利亚，将不需要这座房子或庄园，”一个声音说。 —

“All this is so,” said another voice, “but you are not going to spend all your life in Siberia. —
“这一切都是对的，”另一个声音说，“但你不会一辈子都待在西伯利亚。 —

You may marry, and have children, and must hand the estate on to them in as good a condition as you received it. —
你可能会结婚，有孩子，必须将庄园传给他们，条件是和你接手时一样。 —

There is a duty to the land, too. To give up, to destroy everything is very easy; —
土地也有责任。放弃、毁坏一切都很容易； —

to acquire it very difficult. Above all, you must consider your future life, and what you will do with yourself, and you must dispose of your property accordingly. —
要获得它很困难。首先，你必须考虑你未来的生活，以及你将如何安排自己的财产。 —

And are you really firm in your resolve? —
你真的坚定下决心吗？ —

And then, are you really acting according to your conscience, or are you acting in order to be admired of men?” —
你真的是按照良心行事，还是为了让人们敬慕而行动？ —

Nekhludoff asked himself all this, and had to acknowledge that he was influenced by the thought of what people would say about him. —
尼赫鲁多夫问自己所有这些，并不得不承认他受到人们会如何评价他的影响。 —

And the more he thought about it the more questions arose, and the more unsolvable they seemed.
更多的问题涌现出来，看起来更加无解。

In hopes of ridding himself of these thoughts by failing asleep, and solving them in the morning when his head would be fresh, he lay down on his clean bed. —
为了通过入睡来摆脱这些想法，并在早晨头脑清醒的时候解决它们，他躺在干净的床上。 —

But it was long before he could sleep. Together with the fresh air and the moonlight, the croaking of the frogs entered the room, mingling with the trills of a couple of nightingales in the park and one close to the window in a bush of lilacs in bloom. —
但是很久他才能入睡。随着新鲜空气和月光，青蛙的叫声进入了房间，与公园里的两只夜莺和窗外丁香花丛里一只夜莺的鸣叫混合在一起。 —

Listening to the nightingales and the frogs, Nekhludoff remembered the inspector’s daughter, and her music, and the inspector; —
听着夜莺和青蛙的声音，尼赫鲁多夫想起了督察的女儿，她的音乐以及督察； —

that reminded him of Maslova, and how her lips trembled, like the croaking of the frogs, when she said, “You must just leave it.” —
那让他想起了马斯洛娃，以及她唇颤动的情景，像是青蛙的叫声，当她说：“你必须离开它。” —

Then the German steward began going down to the frogs, and had to be held back, but he not only went down but turned into Maslova, who began reproaching Nekhludoff, saying, “You are a prince, and I am a convict.” —
然后德国管家开始下到青蛙那里，不得不被阻止，但他不仅走下去，还化身为马斯洛娃，开始责备尼赫鲁多夫，说：“你是王子，我是囚犯。” —

“No, I must not give in,” thought Nekhludoff, waking up, and again asking himself, “Is what I am doing right? —
“不，我不能放弃”，尼赫鲁多夫想着，醒来后再次问自己，“我所做的是对的吗？ —

I do not know, and no matter, no matter, I must only fall asleep now.” —
我不知道，没关系，没关系，现在我只需要入睡。” —

And he began himself to descend where he had seen the inspector and Maslova climbing down to, and there it all ended.
他开始自己下降到他看到督察和马斯洛娃爬下去的地方，然后一切结束了。