THE STATE CHURCH AND THE PEOPLE.
国教和人民之间的关系。

The last thing that kept Nekhludoff in Petersburg was the case of the sectarians, whose petition he intended to get his former fellow-officer, Aide-de-camp Bogatyreff, to hand to the Tsar. He came to Bogatyreff in the morning, and found him about to go out, though still at breakfast. —
尼赫卢多夫留在彼得堡的最后一件事是异教徒的案件，他打算让他的前战友、副官博加季列夫将他们的请愿呈交给沙皇。他早上来找博加季列夫，发现他正要外出，虽然还在吃早餐。 —

Bogatyreff was not tall, but firmly built and wonderfully strong (he could bend a horseshoe), a kind, honest, straight, and even liberal man. —
博加季列夫个子不高，但身体结实，力气惊人（他能弯曲马蹄铁），是一个友善、诚实、直爽甚至自由的人。 —

In spite of these qualities, he was intimate at Court, and very fond of the Tsar and his family, and by some strange method he managed, while living in that highest circle, to see nothing but the good in it and to take no part in the evil and corruption. —
尽管具备这些品质，他与宫廷关系密切，非常喜爱沙皇和他的家人，以某种奇特的方式，他在这个最高层圈子里生活的同时，只看到其中的美好，没有参与堕落和腐败。 —

He never condemned anybody nor any measure, and either kept silent or spoke in a bold, loud voice, almost shouting what he had to say, and often laughing in the same boisterous manner. —
他从不谴责任何人或任何措施，要么保持沉默，要么大声疾呼地说话，几乎是在喧哗中笑着说话。 —

And he did not do it for diplomatic reasons, but because such was his character.
他这样做并不是出于外交考虑，而只是因为他的性格如此。

“Ah, that’s right that you have come. Would you like some breakfast? —
“啊，你来了是对的。你想来点早餐吗？ —

Sit down, the beefsteaks are fine! I always begin with something substantial–begin and finish, too. Ha! —
坐下吧，这牛排很好！我总是先来点实在的东西——开始和结束，同样如此。哈！ —

ha! ha! Well, then, have a glass of wine,” he shouted, pointing to a decanter of claret. —
哈！哈！好吧，来杯红酒。”他指着一瓶红葡萄酒大声喊道。 —

“I have been thinking of you. I will hand on the petition. I shall put it into his own hands. —
“我一直在为你着想。我会转交这份请愿书。我会把它直接递到他手上。 —

You may count on that, only it occurred to me that it would be best for you to call on Toporoff.”
你可以信任这一点，只是我突然想到最好是你去找托波洛夫。”

Nekhludoff made a wry face at the mention of Toporoff.
尼赫卢多夫一提到托波洛夫就皱起了眉头。

“It all depends on him. He will be consulted, anyhow. And perhaps he may himself meet your wishes.”
“一切取决于他。无论如何都会征求他的意见。也许他会满足你的愿望。”

“If you advise it I shall go.”
“如果你建议我去，我会去。”

“That’s right. Well, and how does Petersburg agree with you?” shouted Bogatyreff. “Tell me. Eh?”
“很好。那么，彼得堡对你来说怎么样？”博加季列夫大声喊道。“告诉我。呃？”

“I feel myself getting hypnotised,” replied Nekhludoff.
“我感到自己正在被催眠，”涅赫鲁多夫回答道。

“Hypnotised!” Bogatyreff repeated, and burst out laughing. “You won’t have anything? —
“被催眠！”博加捷夫重复道，然后大笑起来。“你什么都不要吗？ —

Well, just as you please,” and he wiped his moustaches with his napkin. “Then you’ll go? Eh? —
那好吧，随你便，”他用餐巾擦了擦小胡子。“那么你会去吗？嗯？ —

If he does not do it, give the petition to me, and I shall hand it on to-morrow.” —
如果他不做，就给我请愿书，明天我将送出去。” —

Shouting these words, he rose, crossed himself just as naturally as he had wiped his mouth, and began buckling on his sword.
他说着话，站起身来，像擦嘴一样，很自然地十字架手势，开始佩剑。

“And now good-bye; I must go. We are both going out,” said Nekhludoff, and shaking Bogatyreff’s strong, broad hand, and with the sense of pleasure which the impression of something healthy and unconsciously fresh always gave him, Nekhludoff parted from Bogatyreff on the door-steps.
“好了，我要走了。我们俩都要出去，”涅赫鲁多夫说着，握着博加捷夫强壮、宽大的手离开了他，这种健康、不做作、自然的印象总是使他感到愉悦。

Though he expected no good result from his visit, still Nekhludoff, following Bogatyreff’s advice, went to see Toporoff, on whom the sectarians’ fate depended.
尽管他对这次访问没有任何好结果抱希望，涅赫鲁多夫还是按博加捷夫的建议去见托波罗夫，这位可以决定教派信徒命运的人。

The position occupied by Toporoff, involving as it did an incongruity of purpose, could only be held by a dull man devoid of moral sensibility. —
托波罗夫所占的位置，涉及目的的不一致，只能由一位缺乏道德感知的呆板人士来担任。 —

Toporoff possessed both these negative qualities. —
托波罗夫拥有这两个消极品质。 —

The incongruity of the position he occupied was this. —
他所占的位置的不一致性在于这一点。 —

It was his duty to keep up and to defend, by external measures, not excluding violence, that Church which, by its own declaration, was established by God Himself and could not be shaken by the gates of hell nor by anything human. —
他的职责是通过外部措施，包括暴力，来维持和捍卫那个根据自己声明是由上帝本人建立的教会，不能被地狱的门和任何人类所动摇。 —

This divine and immutable God-established institution had to be sustained and defended by a human institution–the Holy Synod, managed by Toporoff and his officials. —
这个由上帝建立的神圣而不容改变的机构必须由托波罗夫和他的官员管理的人类机构来维持和捍卫。 —

Toporoff did not see this contradiction, nor did he wish to see it, and he was therefore much concerned lest some Romish priest, some pastor, or some sectarian should destroy that Church which the gates of hell could not conquer.
托波罗夫没有看到这个矛盾，也不希望看到它，因此他非常担心天主教神父、传道士或教派信徒会毁灭那个地狱的门不能征服的教会。

Toporoff, like all those who are quite destitute of the fundamental religious feeling that recognises the equality and brotherhood of men, was fully convinced that the common people were creatures entirely different from himself, and that the people needed what he could very well do without, for at the bottom of his heart he believed in nothing, and found such a state very convenient and pleasant. —
像所有那些完全缺乏基本宗教感觉，认同人类平等和兄弟情谊的人一样，托波罗夫深信普通人是与自己完全不同的生物，而且人民需要他完全可以没有的东西，因为他心底深处他什么也不相信，这种状态对他而言非常方便和令人愉快。 —

Yet he feared lest the people might also come to such a state, and looked upon it as his sacred duty, as he called it, to save the people therefrom.
但他担心人民也可能陷入这种状态，并把这视为他的神圣职责，如他所说，拯救人民免于此种命运。

A certain cookery book declares that some crabs like to be boiled alive. —
某本烹饪书声称，一些螃蟹喜欢活活被煮。 —

In the same way he thought and spoke as if the people liked being kept in superstition; —
他以一种类似的方式思考和说话，好像人们喜欢被困在迷信中； —

only he meant this in a literal sense, whereas the cookery book did not mean its words literally.
只是他字面意义上这么想和说，而烹饪书并不是字面意思。

His feelings towards the religion he was keeping up were the same as those of the poultry-keeper towards the carrion he fed his fowls on. —
他对他坚持的宗教的感觉与饲养家对待喂养家禽的日渐腐烂食物的感觉是一样的。 —

Carrion was very disgusting, but the fowls liked it; —
日渐腐烂的食物非常讨厌，但家禽却喜欢； —

therefore it was right to feed the fowls on carrion. —
因此给家禽喂日渐腐烂的食物是对的。 —

Of course all this worship of the images of the Iberian, Kasan and Smolensk Mothers of God was a gross superstition, but the people liked it and believed in it, and therefore the superstition must be kept up.
当然，对伊比利亚、卡山和斯莫森斯克圣母雕像的尊崇是一种严重的迷信，但人们喜欢它并相信它，所以迷信必须继续下去。

Thus thought Toporoff, not considering that the people only liked superstition because there always have been, and still are, men like himself who, being enlightened, instead of using their light to help others to struggle out of their dark ignorance, use it to plunge them still deeper into it.
所以想着托波罗夫（Toporoff）不考虑到人们只喜欢迷信是因为总是有像他这样的受过启蒙的人，而不是用他们的光明去帮助别人摆脱黑暗的无知，而是用它把他们推得更深。

When Nekhludoff entered the reception-room Toporoff was in his study talking with an abbess, a lively and aristocratic lady, who was spreading the Greek orthodox faith in Western Russia among the Uniates (who acknowledge the Pope of Rome), and who have the Greek religion enforced on them. —
当涅赫卢多夫进入接待室时，托波罗夫正在他的书房里与一个活泼而有贵族气质的阿母斯（abbess）交谈，她在散布基督教正统信仰到西部俄罗斯，而这里的天主教会（Uniates）承认罗马教皇，并被强制实施希腊教。 —

An official who was in the reception-room inquired what Nekhludoff wanted, and when he heard that Nekhludoff meant to hand in a petition to the Emperor, he asked him if he would allow the petition to be read first. —
一个在等候室的官员询问涅赫卢多夫想要什么，当他听说涅赫卢多夫打算递交请愿书给皇帝时，他问他是否允许请愿书被阅读。 —

Nekhludoff gave it him, and the official took it into the study. —
涅赫卢多夫把它给了他，官员将它带进了书房。 —

The abbess, with her hood and flowing veil and her long train trailing behind, left the study and went out, her white hands (with their well-tended nails) holding a topaz rosary. —
阿母斯，戴着头巾和飘逸的面纱，裙摆拖在身后走出了书房，她那双白净的手（修剪整齐的指甲）拿着一串黄玛瑙念珠。 —

Nekhludoff was not immediately asked to come in. —
涅赫卢多夫没有立即被邀请进去。 —

Toporoff was reading the petition and shaking his head. —
托波罗夫正在读请愿书，摇头叹息。 —

He was unpleasantly surprised by the clear and emphatic wording of it.
他对请愿书清晰、有力的措辞感到不快。

“If it gets into the hands of the Emperor it may cause misunderstandings, and unpleasant questions may be asked,” he thought as he read. —
“当他看着这份申请书时，他想到:如果这落到皇帝手中，可能会引起误解，还会被问到不愉快的问题。” —

Then he put the petition on the table, rang, and ordered Nekhludoff to be asked in.
接着，他把请愿书放在桌上，按铃，让内赫鲁多夫进来。

He remembered the case of the sectarians; he had had a petition from them before. The case was this: —
他想起了一个与信徒有关的案例；之前他就收到过他们的请愿书。案情是这样的： —

These Christians, fallen away from the Greek Orthodox Church, were first exhorted and then tried by law, but were acquitted. —
这些信徒背离了希腊东正教会，他们首先受到劝告，之后被法律审判，但被判无罪。 —

Then the Archdeacon and the Governor arranged, on the plea that their marriages were illegal, to exile these sectarians, separating the husbands, wives, and children. —
接着，总管和总督以他们的婚姻是非法的为借口，决定放逐这些信徒，并将丈夫、妻子和子女分开。 —

These fathers and wives were now petitioning that they should not he parted. —
这些父亲和妻子现在请愿请求他们不要被分开。 —

Toporoff recollected the first time the case came to his notice: —
托波洛夫想起他第一次注意到这个案子的时候： —

he had at that time hesitated whether he had not better put a stop to it. —
那时他曾犹豫是否应该阻止此事。 —

But then he thought no harm could result from his confirming the decision to separate and exile the different members of the sectarian families, whereas allowing the peasant sect to remain where it was might have a bad effect on the rest of the inhabitants of the place and cause them to fall away from Orthodoxy. —
但后来他认为，他确认分开和放逐信徒家庭不会造成任何不好影响。相反，允许农民教派留在原地可能会对其他居民产生不良影响，使他们背离东正教。 —

And then the affair also proved the zeal of the Archdeacon, and so he let the case proceed along the lines it had taken. —
而且此事也证明了总管的热忱，所以他让案件按照目前的方式继续进行。 —

But now that they had a defender such as Nekhludoff, who had some influence in Petersburg, the case might be specially pointed out to the Emperor as something cruel, or it might get into the foreign papers. —
但现在他们有了尼赫鲁多夫这样有些影响力的辩护人，此案可能会被特别指出给皇帝看，说它残酷，或者可能会在外国报纸上曝光。 —

Therefore he at once took an unexpected decision.
因此，他立即做出了意想不到的决定。

“How do you do?” he said, with the air of a very busy man, receiving Nekhludoff standing, and at once starting on the business. —
“你好，”他带着一个非常忙碌的人的表情说，接待站立的内赫鲁多夫，并立即开始处理事务。 —

“I know this case. As soon as I saw the names I recollected this unfortunate business,” he said, taking up the petition and showing it to Nekhludoff. —
“我知道这个案子。一看到名字，我就想起了这个不幸的事情，”他说着，拿起请愿书，向内赫鲁多夫展示。 —

“And I am much indebted to you for reminding me of it. —
“我对你提醒我这件事非常感激。” —

It is the over-zealousness of the provincial authorities.”
这是省级当局的过分狂热。

Nekhludoff stood silent, looking with no kindly feelings at the immovable, pale mask of a face before him.
尼克露多夫默然站着，毫无好感地看着面前那张僵硬、苍白的脸。

“And I shall give orders that these measures should he revoked and the people reinstated in their homes.”
“我会下令取消这些措施，让人们重返自己的家园。”

“So that I need not make use of this petition?”
“这样我就不需要使用这份请愿书了吗？”

“I promise you most assuredly,” answered Toporoff, laying a stress on the word I, as if quite convinced that his honesty, his word was the best guarantee. —
“我向你保证，” 托波洛夫强调着“我”这个词，仿佛完全相信自己的诚实，自己的诺言是最好的保证。 —

“It will be best if I write at once. Take a seat, please.”
“最好我现在就写信。请坐。”

He went up to the table and began to write. —
他走到桌子前开始写字。 —

As Nekhludoff sat down he looked at the narrow, bald skull, at the fat, blue-veined hand that was swiftly guiding the pen, and wondered why this evidently indifferent man was doing what he did and why he was doing it with such care.
当涅赫吕多夫坐下时，他看着狭窄的秃头，看着那只肥硕、布满青筋的手迅速地操纵着笔，不禁想知道这个显然冷漠的人为什么在做他正在做的事，以及为什么他如此仔细地做着。

“Well, here you are,” said Toporoff, sealing the envelope; —
“好了，你可以告诉你的客户了。”托波罗夫封好信封说。 —

“you may let your clients know,” and he stretched his lips to imitate a smile.
“你可以让你的客户知道了。”他舒张嘴唇，试图模仿一个微笑。

“Then what did these people suffer for?” Nekhludoff asked, as he took the envelope.
“那么这些人到底为什么受苦？”涅赫吕多夫接过信封问道。

Toporoff raised his head and smiled, as if Nekhludoff’s question gave him pleasure. —
托波罗夫抬起头微笑，似乎涅赫吕多夫的问题给了他快感。 —

“That I cannot tell. All I can say is that the interests of the people guarded by us are so important that too great a zeal in matters of religion is not so dangerous or so harmful as the indifference which is now spreading–”
“那我就说不准了。我只能说我们保护的人民的利益是如此重要，以至于在宗教事务方面过份热心并不像现在蔓延的冷漠那样危险或有害–”

“But how is it that in the name of religion the very first demands of righteousness are violated–families are separated?”
“但是以宗教的名义违反了正义的最基本要求–家庭被分开了？”涅赫吕多夫不依不饶。

Toporoff continued to smile patronisingly, evidently thinking what Nekhludoff said very pretty. —
托波罗夫继续高高在上地微笑，显然认为涅赫吕多夫说得很漂亮。 —

Anything that Nekhludoff could say he would have considered very pretty and very one-sided, from the height of what he considered his far-reaching office in the State.
任何涅赫吕多夫说的话，他都会认为很漂亮，很片面，因为他认为自己站在国家的高度。

“It may seem so from the point of view of a private individual,” he said, “but from an administrative point of view it appears in a rather different light. —
“从个人的角度看，可能是这样。”他说，“但从管理的角度来看，情况又有些不同。 —

However, I must bid you good-bye, now,” said Toporoff, bowing his head and holding out his hand, which Nekhludoff pressed.
“然而，我现在得道别了。”托波罗夫说着，点头并伸出手，涅赫吕多夫握住了。

“The interests of the people! Your interests is what you mean!” thought Nekhludoff as he went out. —
“人民的利益！你说的利益就是你们自己的利益！” 涅赫吕多夫想到，当他走出去的时候。 —

And he ran over in his mind the people in whom is manifested the activity of the institutions that uphold religion and educate the people. —
他在脑海中回想起那些体现着维护宗教和教育人民的机构活动的人们。 —

He began with the woman punished for the illicit sale of spirits, the boy for theft, the tramp for tramping, the incendiary for setting a house on fire, the banker for fraud, and that unfortunate Lydia Shoustova imprisoned only because they hoped to get such information as they required from her. —
他从被惩罚因非法酒类销售的女人，小偷男孩，流浪汉，纵火犯，欺诈银行家，以及只是因为希望从她那里得到所需信息的不幸的柳迪娅·舒斯托娃开始。 —

Then he thought of the sectarians punished for violating Orthodoxy, and Gourkevitch for wanting constitutional government, and Nekhludoff clearly saw that all these people were arrested, locked up, exiled, not really because they transgressed against justice or behaved unlawfully, but only because they were an obstacle hindering the officials and the rich from enjoying the property they had taken away from the people. —
然后他想到因违反东正教而受罚的分离派，以及因想要宪政制度而受到打压的戈尔切维奇，涅赫吕多夫清楚地看到，所有这些人被拘留，关押，流放，不是因为他们违反了正义或行为违法，而仅仅是因为他们是阻挡官员和富人享受剥夺人民财产的障碍。 —

And the woman who sold wine without having a license, and the thief knocking about the town, and Lydia Shoustova hiding proclamations, and the sectarians upsetting superstitions, and Gourkevitch desiring a constitution, were a real hindrance. —
卖酒而未取得许可证的女人，在城里四处闲逛的小偷，莉迪亚·肖斯托娃藏匿宣言，派别分子颠覆迷信，以及渴望宪法的戈尔凯维奇都是真正的障碍。 —

It seemed perfectly clear to Nekhludoff that all these officials, beginning with his aunt’s husband, the Senators, and Toporoff, down to those clean and correct gentlemen who sat at the tables in the Ministry Office, were not at all troubled by the fact that that in such a state of things the innocent had to suffer, but were only concerned how to get rid of the really dangerous, so that the rule that ten guilty should escape rather than that one innocent should be condemned was not observed, but, on the contrary, for the sake of getting rid of one really dangerous person, ten who seemed dangerous were punished, as, when cutting a rotten piece out of anything, one has to cut away some that is good.
尼哈鲁多夫觉得很清楚，从他姨丈、参议员、托波罗夫，到在部里办公室里坐在桌旁的那些干净整洁的绅士们，都并不为这种情况下无辜者受害而感到困扰，而只关心如何摆脱那些真正危险的人，因此那种宁可十个有罪者逃脱，也不可冤枉一个无辜者的原则并未被遵守，相反，为了摆脱一个真正危险的人，十个看上去危险的人被惩罚了，就像剔掉腐朽部分时，也得割掉一些好的部分。

This explanation seemed very simple and clear to Nekhludoff; —
尼哈鲁多夫觉得这个解释非常简单明了； —

but its very simplicity and clearness made him hesitate to accept it. —
但是，它的简单明了让他犹豫不决是否接受这个解释。 —

Was it possible that so complicated a phenomenon could have so simple and terrible an explanation? —
一个如此复杂的现象，难道会有如此简单而可怕的解释吗？ —

Was it possible that all these words about justice, law, religion, and God, and so on, were mere words, hiding the coarsest cupidity and cruelty?
所有这些关于正义、法律、宗教、上帝等等的言辞，是否只是掩盖着最粗俗的贪婪和残忍的言辞呢？

——–

——–

……
……