The carrying out of Levin’s plan presented many difficulties; —
执行莱文的计划遇到了许多困难； —

but he struggled on, doing his utmost, and attained a result which, though not what he desired, was enough to enable him, without self-deception, to believe that the attempt was worth the trouble. —
但他继续努力，尽力去实现了一个结果，虽然不是他预期的那样，但足以让他相信这个尝试是值得的，而他并没有自欺欺人； —

One of the chief difficulties was that the process of cultivating the land was in full swing, that it was impossible to stop everything and begin it all again from the beginning, and the machine had to be mended while in motion.
其中一个主要困难是土地的开垦过程正在全面展开，不可能停下一切重新开始，而必须边修理机器边进行；

When on the evening that he arrived home he informed the bailiff of his plans, the latter with visible pleasure agreed with what he said so long as he was pointing out that all that had been done up to that time was stupid and useless. —
当他在回家的那天晚上告诉承租人他的计划时，承租人明显愉快地同意了他的观点，只要他指出到目前为止所做的一切都是愚蠢和无用的； —

The bailiff said that he had said so a long while ago, but no heed had been paid him. —
承租人说他早就说过这话了，但没有人理他。 —

But as for the proposal made by Levin–to take a part as shareholder with his laborers in each agricultural undertaking– at this the bailiff simply expressed a profound despondency, and offered no definite opinion, but began immediately talking of the urgent necessity of carrying the remaining sheaves of rye the next day, and of sending the men out for the second ploughing, so that Levin felt that this was not the time for discussing it.
但是对于列宁提出的与劳工一同作为股东参与农业生产的建议，看管人表示了深深的绝望，并没有给出明确的意见。他立即开始谈论紧急需要明天将剩余的麦秸运出去，并派人去做第二次犁地的工作。因此，列宁意识到现在不是讨论这个问题的时候。

On beginning to talk to the peasants about it, and making a proposition to cede them the land on new terms, he came into collision with the same great difficulty that they were so much absorbed by the current work of the day, that they had not time to consider the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed scheme.
当他开始与农民们讨论，并提出以新的条件将土地割让给他们时，遇到了同样的困难，即他们被当天的工作所吸引，没有时间考虑到提议方案的利弊。

The simple-hearted Ivan, the cowherd, seemed completely to grasp Levin’s proposal–that he should with his family take a share of the profits of the cattle-yard–and he was in complete sympathy with the plan. —
心地纯朴的牵牛人伊凡似乎完全理解了列宁的建议，即他和他的家人将分享养牛场的利润，并且他完全支持这个计划。 —

But when Levin hinted at the future advantages, Ivan’s face expressed alarm and regret that he could not hear all he had to say, and he made haste to find himself some task that would admit of no delay: —
但当列文暗示未来的好处时，伊万的面容表达出惊慌和遗憾，他无法听到他所要说的一切，并迫不及待地找到一些不能耽搁的任务。 —

he either snatched up the fork to pitch the hay out of the pens, or ran to get water or to clear out the dung.
他要么抓起叉子把草料从围栏里扔出去，要么跑去拿水或清理粪便。

Another difficulty lay in the invincible disbelief of the peasant that a landowner’s object could be anything else than a desire to squeeze all he could out of them. —
另一个困难在于农民对地主真正目的的不可动摇的怀疑，他们认为地主的目的除了想从他们身上榨取尽可能多的利益之外别无其他。 —

They were firmly convinced that his real aim (whatever he might say to them) would always be in what he did not say to them. —
他们坚信他真正的目的（无论他对他们说什么）总是在他没有对他们说的事情上。 —

And they themselves, in giving their opinion, said a great deal but never said what was their real object. —
而他们自己，在表达意见时，说了很多，但从来没有说出他们真正的目的是什么。 —

Moreover (Levin felt that the irascible landowner had been right) the peasants made their first and unalterable condition of any agreement whatever that they should not be forced to any new methods of tillage of any kind, nor to use new implements. —
此外（列文感到暴躁的地主是对的），农民对任何协议的第一个不可改变的条件是他们不应被强迫采用任何新的耕种方法，也不应使用新的工具。 —

They agreed that the modern plough ploughed better, that the scarifier did the work more quickly, but they found thousands of reasons that made it out of the question for them to use either of them; —
他们同意现代犁耕得更好，翻耙能更快地完成工作，但他们找到了无数个理由让他们不可能使用其中任何一种； —

and though he had accepted the conviction that he would have to lower the standard of cultivation, he felt sorry to give up improved methods, the advantages of which were so obvious. —
虽然他已经接受了自己必须降低种植水平的事实，但他很抱歉放弃那些明显有利的改良方法； —

But in spite of all these difficulties he got his way, and by autumn the system was working, or at least so it seemed to him.
尽管存在这些困难，但他最终扭转了局面，到了秋天，制度正在运转，至少在他看来是这样；

At first Levin had thought of giving up the whole farming of the land just as it was to the peasants, the laborers, and the bailiff on new conditions of partnership; —
一开始，列文想把整块土地的经营权交给农民、劳工和承包人，按照新的合作条件进行合作； —

but he was very soon convinced that this was impossible, and determined to divide it up. —
但他很快意识到这是不可能的，于是决定将土地分割成几部分； —

The cattle-yard, the garden, hay fields, and arable land, divided into several parts, had to be made into separate lots. —
牲口围栏、花园、草场和耕地都要被划分为不同的地块。 —

The simple-hearted cowherd, Ivan, who, Levin fancied, understood the matter better than any of them, collecting together a gang of workers to help him, principally of his own family, became a partner in the cattle-yard. —
天真纯朴的牧童伊万，列文认为他在这件事情上比任何人都更加明白，他召集了一帮工人来帮助他，主要是他自己的家人，成为牲畜场的合伙人。 —

A distant part of the estate, a tract of waste land that had lain fallow for eight years, was with the help of the clever carpenter, Fyodor Ryezunov, taken by six families of peasants on new conditions of partnership, and the peasant Shuraev took the management of all the vegetable gardens on the same terms. —
庄园的一片偏远土地，一个废弃了八年的地块，在聪明的木匠费奥多尔·雷祖诺夫的帮助下，以合作伙伴关系的新条件被六个农民家庭收回，并且农民舒拉耶夫以同样的条件管理所有的菜园。 —

The remainder of the land was still worked on the old system, but these three associated partnerships were the first step to a new organization of the whole, and they completely took up Levin’s time.
剩余的土地仍然按照旧的制度开垦，但这三个联合合作伙伴关系是整个新组织的第一步，它们完全占据了列文的时间。

It is true that in the cattle-yard things went no better than before, and Ivan strenuously opposed warm housing for the cows and butter made of fresh cream, affirming that cows require less food if kept cold, and that butter is more profitable made from sour cream, and he asked for wages just as under the old system, and took not the slightest interest in the fact that the money he received was not wages but an advance out of his future share in the profits.
确实，在牛栏里的情况并没有比以前好，伊凡坚决反对为奶牛提供温暖的住所和用新鲜奶油制作的黄油，他坚称奶牛如果保持冷却会需要更少的食物，并且用酸奶油制作的黄油更有利可图。他要求的工资与旧制度下一样，并且对他收到的钱不是工资而是未来利润分成的预付款毫不关心。

It is true that Fyodor Ryezunov’s company did not plough over the ground twice before sowing, as had been agreed, justifying themselves on the plea that the time was too short. —
确实，菲奥多尔·雷兹诺夫的公司并没有按照约定的要求在播种前将土地犁地两次，他们以时间太短为借口进行辩解。 —

It is true that the peasants of the same company, though they had agreed to work the land on new conditions, always spoke of the land, not as held in partnership, but as rented for half the crop, and more than once the peasants and Ryezunov himself said to Levin, “If you would take a rent for the land, it would save you trouble, and we should be more free.” —
的确，尽管农民们已经同意按照新条件耕种土地，但他们总是把土地当作出租，而不是合作经营，而很多次农民和瑞兹诺夫本人都对列文说：“如果您愿意收租种地，那将为您节省麻烦，而且我们也会更加自由。” —

Moreover the same peasants kept putting off, on various excuses, the building of a cattleyard and barn on the land as agreed upon, and delayed doing it till the winter.
而且同样的农民们总是找各种借口推迟按照约定在土地上修建养牛场和仓库的计划，直到冬天才开始动工。

It is true that Shuraev would have liked to let out the kitchen gardens he had undertaken in small lots to the peasants. —
的确，舒拉耶夫本想将他承包的菜园分成小块出租给农民们。 —

He evidently quite misunderstood, and apparently intentionally misunderstood, the conditions upon which the land had been given to him.
显然，他对土地交付给他的条件完全误解，而且似乎故意误解了。

Often, too, talking to the peasants and explaining to them all the advantages of the plan, Levin felt that the peasants heard nothing but the sound of his voice, and were firmly resolved, whatever he might say, not to let themselves be taken in. —
而且，与农民交谈并向他们解释计划的所有优点时，列宁常常感到农民只听到了他的声音，坚决决定，无论他说什么，都不让自己上当。 —

He felt this especially when he talked to the cleverest of the peasants, Ryezunov, and detected the gleam in Ryezunov’s eyes which showed so plainly both ironical amusement at Levin, and the firm conviction that, if any one were to be taken in, it would not be he, Ryezunov. —
他尤其在与最聪明的农民瑞兹诺夫谈话时有这种感觉，并看到瑞兹诺夫眼中明显透露的讥讽笑意和坚定的信念，即如果有人会上当，那绝不会是他，瑞兹诺夫。 —

But in spite of all this Levin thought the system worked, and that by keeping accounts strictly and insisting on his own way, he would prove to them in the future the advantages of the arrangement, and then the system would go of itself.
但是，尽管如此，列宁认为这个制度是行之有效的，通过严格记录账目并坚持自己的方式，他会将来向他们证明安排的好处，然后这个制度就会自行进行。

These matters, together with the management of the land still left on his hands, and the indoor work over his book, so engrossed Levin the whole summer that he scarcely ever went out shooting. —
这些事情加上仍在他手上管理的土地和他在书本上的室内工作，整个夏天都让列宁忙得几乎没出去打猎。 —

At the end of August he heard that the Oblonskys had gone away to Moscow, from their servant who brought back the side-saddle. —
八月末时，他从家人送回来的边鞍的仆人口中得知奥布洛斯基一家已经去莫斯科了。 —

He felt that in not answering Darya Alexandrovna’s letter he had by his rudeness, of which he could not think without a flush of shame, burned his ships, and that he would never go and see them again. —
他感觉自己没有回复达利娅·亚历山德罗夫娜的信函，他的粗鲁行为让他感到羞愧，他已经烧掉了他们之间的桥梁，他再也不会去看望他们了。 —

He had been just as rude with the Sviazhskys, leaving them without saying good-bye. —
他和斯维亚什斯基一家也一样无礼，没有告别就离开了他们。 —

But he would never go to see them again either. He did not care about that now. —
但他也再也不会去看他们了。他不再在意这个了。 —

The business of reorganizing the farming of his land absorbed him as completely as though there would never be anything else in his life. —
他对整顿自己土地的农业业务全神贯注，仿佛他一生都只有这一个事情。 —

He read the books lent him by Sviazhsky, and copying out what he had not got, he read both the economic and socialistic books on the subject, but, as he had anticipated, found nothing bearing on the scheme he had undertaken. —
他看了斯维亚什斯基借给他的书，复制了他没有的内容，读了有关经济和社会主义的书籍，但如他所料，没有找到任何与他所承担的计划相关的内容。 —

In the books on political economy–in Mill, for instance, whom he studied first with great ardor, hoping every minute to find an answer to the questions that were engrossing him–he found laws deduced from the condition of land culture in Europe; —
在政治经济学的书籍中–比如在他最开始热衷于研究的米尔身上，他希望每分钟都能找到他所关注问题的答案–他发现了从欧洲土地耕作状况中推导出的规律； —

but he did not see why these laws, which did not apply in Russia, must be general. —
但他不明白为什么这些规律，它们并不适用于俄罗斯，必须是普适的； —

He saw just the same thing in the socialistic books: —
他在社会主义的书籍中也发现了同样的情况； —

either they were the beautiful but impracticable fantasies which had fascinated him when he was a student, or they were attempts at improving, rectifying the economic position in which Europe was placed, with which the system of land tenure in Russia had nothing in common. —
要么是他在学生时被迷住的美丽但不现实的幻想，要么是试图改善、纠正欧洲经济地位的尝试，而这与俄罗斯的土地制度毫不相关； —

Political economy told him that the laws by which the wealth of Europe had been developed, and was developing, were universal and unvarying. —
政治经济学告诉他，欧洲财富的发展以及正在发展的法则是普遍而不变的； —

Socialism told him that development along these lines leads to ruin. —
社会主义告诉他，沿着这些方向发展会导致灭亡。 —

And neither of them gave an answer, or even a hint, in reply to the question what he, Levin, and all the Russian peasants and landowners, were to do with their millions of hands and millions of acres, to make them as productive as possible for the common weal.
他们中的任何一个也没有对这个问题给出答案，甚至是暗示，即列文和所有俄罗斯农民和地主应该如何利用他们数以百万计的双手和数以百万计的英亩土地，使它们尽可能为公共利益变得更加有生产力。

Having once taken the subject up, he read conscientiously everything bearing on it, and intended in the autumn to go abroad to study land systems on the spot, in order that he might not on this question be confronted with what so often met him on various subjects. —
一旦接触到这个议题，他会认真阅读与之相关的一切，并计划在秋天出国研究土地制度，以免在这个问题上遭遇以往在其他问题上经常遇到的情况。 —

Often, just as he was beginning to understand the idea in the mind of anyone he was talking to, and was beginning to explain his own, he would suddenly be told: —
时常，就在他开始理解与他交谈的人头脑中的想法，并开始解释自己的想法时，他突然被告知：”但考夫曼，但琼斯，但杜波依斯，但米切利？” —

“But Kauffmann, but Jones, but Dubois, but Michelli? —
你还没有读过他们的著作：他们已经彻底地讨论过这个问题。 —

You haven’t read them: they’ve thrashed that question out thoroughly.”
他现在清楚地看到，考夫曼和米切利没有什么可告诉他的。他知道自己想要什么。

He saw now distinctly that Kauffmann and Michelli had nothing to tell him. He knew what he wanted. —
但考夫曼，但米切利，他们没有什么可以告诉他的。他知道自己想要什么。 —

He saw that Russia has splendid land, splendid laborers, and that in certain cases, as at the peasant’s on the way to Sviazhsky’s, the produce raised by the laborers and the land is great–in the majority of cases when capital is applied in the European way the produce is small, and that this simply arises from the fact that the laborers want to work and work well only in their own peculiar way, and that this antagonism is not incidental but invariable, and has its roots in the national spirit. —
他看到俄罗斯拥有辉煌的土地、辉煌的劳工，而在某些情况下，比如在去斯维亚日斯基家的路上的农民那里，劳工和土地的产出是很大的，而在大多数情况下，当以欧洲方式应用资本时，产出很小，而且这仅仅是因为劳工只想按照他们自己特殊的方式工作，这种对立并非偶然而是固定不变的，并且根源在于民族精神。 —

He thought that the Russian people whose task it was to colonize and cultivate vast tracts of unoccupied land, consciously adhered, till all their land was occupied, to the methods suitable to their purpose, and that their methods were by no means so bad as was generally supposed. —
他认为俄罗斯人民的任务是开垦和栽培广阔的未被占有的土地，他们有意识地坚持着适合自己目的的方法，直到他们的土地全部被占领，而且他们的方法并没有普遍认为的那么糟糕。 —

And he wanted to prove this theoretically in his book and practically on his land.
他想通过自己的书在理论上证明这一点，并在自己的土地上在实践中证明。