“If I’d only the heart to throw up what’s been set going…such a lot of trouble wasted. —
“如果我能够毅然下决心终止这一切…浪费了那么多的麻烦。 —

..I’d turn my back on the whole business, sell up, go off like Nikolay Ivanovitch. —
我会对整个事务翻个白眼，卖掉，像尼古拉伊万诺维奇那样离开。 —

..to hear La Belle Helene,” said the landowner, a pleasant smile lighting up his shrewd old face.
“听着美丽的海伦娜，”地主说着，他精明的老脸上露出了愉快的笑容。

“But you see you don’t throw it up,” said Nikolay Ivanovitch Sviazhsky; —
“但你明明没有停下来，”尼古拉伊万诺维奇·斯维亚日斯基说道； —

“so there must be something gained.”
“所以一定是有所收获的。”

“The only gain is that I live in my own house, neither bought nor hired. —
“唯一的收获就是我住在自己的房子里，不买也不租。 —

Besides, one keeps hoping the people will learn sense. —
况且，人们总是期待农民会学会理智。 —

Though, instead of that, you’d never believe it–the drunkenness, the immorality! —
可不，你绝对不会相信 —— 醉酒、不道德！ —

They keep chopping and changing their bits of land. Not a sight of a horse or a cow. —
他们在不断地分割和交换他们的土地，连一匹马或一头牛都看不到。 —

The peasant’s dying of hunger, but just go and take him on as a laborer, he’ll do his best to do you a mischief, and then bring you up before the justice of the peace.”
农民们快要饿死了，但只要你雇他们做工，他们会竭尽所能给你添麻烦，然后将你告上法庭。”

“But then you make complaints to the justice too,” said Sviazhsky.
“但你也会向法官投诉的，”斯维亚日斯基说道。

“I lodge complaints? Not for anything in the world! —
“我投诉吗？为了什么都不会！ —

Such a talking, and such a to-do, that one would have cause to regret it. —
谈论得这么激烈，这样做可能会后悔。 —

At the works, for instance, they pocketed the advance-money and made off. What did the justice do? —
在工地上，他们收了预付款就跑了。法官怎么办？ —

Why, acquitted them. Nothing keeps them in order but their own communal court and their village elder. —
怎么办？宣判他们无罪。只有他们自己的社区法院和村长才能管得住他们。 —

He’ll flog them in the good old style! But for that there’d be nothing for it but to give it all up and run away.”
他会用老办法鞭打他们的！不然的话只能放弃一切逃跑了。

Obviously the landowner was chaffing Sviazhsky, who, far from resenting it, was apparently amused by it.
显然地主在取笑斯维亚什斯基，而后者似乎对此很开心。

“But you see we manage our land without such extreme measures,” said he, smiling: —
“但是你看，我们管理土地并没有采取那么极端的措施，”他微笑着说。 —

“Levin and I and this gentleman.”
“列文，我和这位先生。”

He indicated the other landowner.
他指了指另一个土地主。

“Yes, the thing’s done at Mihail Petrovitch’s, but ask him how it’s done. —
“是啊，在米哈伊尔·彼得罗维奇那里搞定的，但你去问问他是怎么做到的。 —

Do you call that a rational system?” said the landowner, obviously rather proud of the word “rational.”
你把那叫做合理的系统吗？”地主显然对“合理”这个词颇感自豪。

“My system’s very simple,” said Mihail Petrovitch, “thank God. All my management rests on getting the money ready for the autumn taxes, and the peasants come to me, ‘Father, master, help us!’ —
“我的系统非常简单，”米哈伊尔·彼得罗维奇说，“谢天谢地。我管理的核心就是为秋季税款做好准备，农民来找我，’父亲，主人，帮帮我们！’ —

Well, the peasants are all one’s neighbors; one feels for them. —
唯独农民都是邻居，我们对他们有感情。 —

So one advances them a third, but one says: —
所以我先借给他们三分之一，但我也说： —

‘Remember, lads, I have helped you, and you must help me when I need it–whether it’s the sowing of the oats, or the haycutting, or the harvest’; —
‘记住，伙计们，我帮助了你们，我需要时你们也要帮助我-无论是播种燕麦，割草还是收获’; —

and well, one agrees, so much for each taxpayer–though there are dishonest ones among them too, it’s true.”
好吧，大家统一意见，每位纳税人分摊-虽然其中确实也有不诚实的人，这倒是真的。”

Levin, who had long been familiar with these patriarchal methods, exchanged glances with Sviazhsky and interrupted Mihail Petrovitch, turning again to the gentleman with the gray whiskers.
列文对这些家长式的管理方法早已熟悉，他与斯维亚什斯基交换了一下眼神，然后打断了米哈伊尔·彼得罗维奇的话，再次转向胡子灰白的绅士。

“Then what do you think?” he asked; “what system is one to adopt nowadays?”
“那你觉得呢？”他问，“现在应该采取什么样的系统？”

“Why, manage like Mihail Petrovitch, or let the land for half the crop or for rent to the peasants; —
“咳，就像米哈伊尔·彼得罗维奇那样管理，或者将土地出租给农民，收取一半作物或租金； —

that one can do–only that’s just how the general prosperity of the country is being ruined. —
只有这样做才可以，但这正是国家繁荣被破坏的原因。 —

Where the land with serf-labor and good management gave a yield of nine to one, on the half-crop system it yields three to one. —
在有农奴劳动和良好管理的土地上，收益是九比一，而在一半的农作物系统下只有三比一。 —

Russia has been ruined by the emancipation!”
俄罗斯已经被解放毁了！

Sviazhsky looked with smiling eyes at Levin, and even made a faint gesture of irony to him; —
斯维亚什斯基微笑着看着列温，甚至对他做了一个轻微的讽刺手势。 —

but Levin did not think the landowner’s words absurd, he understood them better than he did Sviazhsky. —
但列温并不认为地主的话荒谬，他比斯维亚什斯基更理解这些话。 —

A great deal more of what the gentleman with the gray whiskers said to show in what way Russia was ruined by the emancipation struck him indeed as very true, new to him, and quite incontestable. —
这位留着灰色络腮胡子的绅士所说的更多关于俄罗斯被解放毁了的方式，确实让他非常真实，对他来说是新鲜的，也是无可争议的。 —

The landowner unmistakably spoke his own individual thought–a thing that very rarely happens–and a thought to which he had been brought not by a desire of finding some exercise for an idle brain, but a thought which had grown up out of the conditions of his life, which he had brooded over in the solitude of his village, and had considered in every aspect.
地主毫不含糊地表达了他自己的个人思想，这是一件非常罕见的事情，而且这个思想并不是他为了找点事做而产生的，而是他的生活条件使然，这个思想在他的村庄里孕育着，他用各个角度去思考过。

“The point is, don’t you see, that progress of every sort is only made by the use of authority,” he said, evidently wishing to show he was not without culture. —
“要知道，各种进步只有通过权威的运用才能实现，”他说道，显然是希望显示自己不乏学识。 —

“Take the reforms of Peter, of Catherine, of Alexander. Take European history. —
“看看彼得大帝、叶卡捷琳娜大帝、亚历山大大帝的改革吧。看看欧洲的历史。 —

And progress in agriculture more than anything else–the potato, for instance, that was introduced among us by force. —
农业发展尤为重要，比如马铃薯，是通过强制引入我们这里的。 —

The wooden plough too wasn’t always used. —
木制犁也并非一直都使用。 —

It was introduced maybe in the days before the Empire, but it was probably brought in by force. —
可能是在帝国时代之前引进的，但很可能是通过武力带来的。 —

Now, in our own day, we landowners in the serf times used various improvements in our husbandry: —
现在，我们自己的时代，在农奴制时期，我们地主在农业上采用了各种改进措施： —

drying machines and thrashing machines, and carting manure and all the modern implements–all that we brought into use by our authority, and the peasants opposed it at first, and ended by imitating us. —
我们引入了干燥机和打谷机，还有运粪车等所有现代化的工具——最初农民们反对，最后却效仿我们。 —

Now by the abolition of serfdom we have been deprived of our authority; —
现在废除了农奴制度，我们失去了权威。 —

and so our husbandry, where it had been raised to a high level, is bound to sink to the most savage primitive condition. —
因此，我们曾经提高到高水平的农业必然会陷入最原始的野蛮状态。 —

That’s how I see it.”
这就是我看到的情况。

“But why so? If it’s rational, you’ll be able to keep up the same system with hired labor,” said Sviazhsky.
“但为什么呢？如果合理的话，你应该能够继续雇佣劳动力来保持同样的体系。” 斯维亚日斯基说。

“We’ve no power over them. With whom am I going to work the system, allow me to ask?”
“我们无权控制他们。请问我将与谁一起工作这套系统？”

“There it is–the labor force–the chief element in agriculture,” thought Levin.
“劳动力，农业的主要要素。” 列文心中想到。

“With laborers.”
“雇佣劳动者。”

“The laborers won’t work well, and won’t work with good implements. —
“劳动者不会好好工作，也不会使用好的工具。 —

Our laborer can do nothing but get drunk like a pig, and when he’s drunk he ruins everything you give him. —
我们的劳动者除了喝得像猪一样什么也干不了，而且喝醉了还会破坏给他的一切。” —

He makes the horses ill with too much water, cuts good harness, barters the tires of the wheels for drink, drops bits of iron into the thrashing machine, so as to break it. —
他给马喂太多水，使它们生病，破坏好的马具，用车轮的轮胎交换酒，往打谷机里扔铁片，以破坏它。 —

He loathes the sight of anything that’s not after his fashion. —
他讨厌任何非他所喜欢的东西的样子。 —

And that’s how it is the whole level of husbandry has fallen. —
这就是整个农业水平下降的原因。 —

Lands gone out of cultivation, overgrown with weeds, or divided among the peasants, and where millions of bushels were raised you get a hundred thousand; —
土地荒芜，长满了杂草，或者被农民分割，原本能够产出数百万蒲式耳的粮食现在只能产出十万蒲式耳。 —

the wealth of the country has decreased. —
国家的财富下降了。 —

If the same thing had been done, but with care that…”
如果同样的事情做得细致一些…

And he proceeded to unfold his own scheme of emancipation by means of which these drawbacks might have been avoided.
他接着展示了自己通过解放计划来避免这些问题的方案。

This did not interest Levin, but when he had finished, Levin went back to his first position, and, addressing Sviazhsky, and trying to draw him into expressing his serious opinion:-
这对列温来说并不感兴趣，但是当他说完后，列温又回到了他的最初立场，并且试图引导斯瓦兹斯基表达他的严肃观点：

“That the standard of culture is falling, and that with our present relations to the peasants there is no possibility of famling on a rational system to yield a profit–that’s perfectly true,” said he.
“文化水平正在下降的说法，以及在我们目前与农民的关系下，没有可能按照合理的系统来从农业中获利，这是完全正确的，”他说。

“I don’t believe it,” Sviazhsky replied quite seriously; —
“我不相信，”斯维亚申斯基非常认真地回答道。 —

“all I see is that we don’t know how to cultivate the land, and that our system of agriculture in the serf days was by no means too high, but too low. —
“我所看到的只是我们不知如何耕种土地，而我们在农奴制时代的农业系统并不是太高而是太低。 —

We have no machines, no good stock, no efficient supervision; —
“我们没有机器，没有好的牲畜，没有有效的管理; —

we don’t even know how to keep accounts. Ask any landowner; —
“我们甚至不知道如何做账。问问任何一个地主吧; —

he won’t be able to tell you what crop’s profitable, and what’s not.”
“他都不能告诉你什么种植比较赚钱，什么种植不赚钱。”

“Italian bookkeeping,” said the gentleman of the gray whiskers ironically. —
“意大利式记账法，”那位留着灰色胡须的绅士讽刺地说。 —

“You may keep your books as you like, but if they spoil everything for you, there won’t be any profit.”
“你可以按你自己的方式记账，但如果这样破坏了一切，就不会有利润了。”

“Why do they spoil things? A poor thrashing machine, or your Russian presser, they will break, but my steam press they don’t break. —
“为什么会破坏呢？一个破旧的打谷机，或者你们俄罗斯的压榨机，他们会坏掉，但我的蒸汽压榨机不会坏。” —

A wretched Russian nag they’ll ruin, but keep good dray-horses–they won’t ruin them. —
我们会毁坏那匹可怜的俄罗斯马，但不会毁坏好的拉车马。 —

And so it is all round. We must raise our farming to a higher level.”
事情就是这样，我们必须把农业提升到更高的水平。

“Oh, if one only had the means to do it, Nikolay Ivanovitch! It’s all very well for you; —
哦，如果我有能力做到这一点就好了，尼古拉·伊凡诺维奇！对你来说也没什么问题； —

but for me, with a son to keep at the university, lads to be educated at the high school–how am I going to buy these dray-horses?”
但对于我来说，我还要供养一个上大学的儿子，还有要在高中上学的孩子们 - 我怎么可能买得起这些拉车马呢？

“Well, that’s what the land banks are for.”
嗯，那就是土地银行存在的目的。

“To get what’s left me sold by auction? No, thank you.”
让剩下的东西被拍卖掉？不，谢谢。

“I don’t agree that it’s necessary or possible to raise the level of agriculture still higher,” said Levin. “I devote myself to it, and I have means, but I can do nothing. —
我不同意将农业水平提升到更高的程度是必要或可能的，”列文说。”我全身心地投入其中，我有能力，但我什么也做不了。” —

As to the banks, I don’t know to whom they’re any good. —
关于银行，我不知道它们对谁有好处。 —

For my part, anyway, whatever I’ve spent money on in the way of husbandry, it has been a loss: —
就我而言，无论我在农畜方面花费了多少钱，都是亏损：股票——亏损，机械设备——亏损。 —

stock–a loss, machinery–a loss.”
股票是亏损，机械设备也是亏损。

“That’s true enough,” the gentleman with the gray whiskers chimed in, positively laughing with satisfaction.
“说得够对的，”那位留着灰白胡须的绅士附和道，满意地笑了起来。

“And I’m not the only one,” pursued Levin. “I mix with all the neighboring landowners, who are cultivating their land on a rational system; —
“我并不是唯一一个，”列文继续说道，”我和所有附近的地主交往，他们都在按照合理的系统耕种土地； —

they all, with rare exceptions, are doing so at a loss. —
除了极少数例外，他们无一赚钱。 —

Come, tell us how does your land do–does it pay?” —
来吧，告诉我们你的土地怎么样，能赚钱吗？” —

said Levin, and at once in Sviazhsky’s eyes he detected that fleeting expression of alarm which he had noticed whenever he had tried to penetrate beyond the outer chambers of Sviazhsky’s mind.
列文说道，他立刻在斯维亚什斯基的眼中，察觉到了一个瞬间的惊恐表情，这是他曾经在试图进入斯维亚什斯基思想的外层大厅时曾经注意到的。

Moreover, this question on Levin’s part was not quite in good faith. —
此外，列文的这个问题并不是完全出于诚意。 —

Madame Sviazhskaya had just told him at tea that they had that summer invited a Gemman expert in bookkeeping from Moscow, who for a consideration of five hundred roubles had investigated the management of their property, and found that it was costing them a loss of three thousand odd roubles. —
茶会上斯维亚什斯卡娅刚刚告诉他，他们这个夏天从莫斯科请来了一位德国会计专家，以五百卢布的费用调查了他们的财产管理，发现他们亏损了三千多卢布。 —

She did not remember the precise sum, but it appeared that the Gemman had worked it out to the fraction of a farthing.
她记不清确切的金额，但看起来这位绅士已经计算到零点几个妙的地步了。

The gray-whiskered landowner smiled at the mention of the profits of Sviazhsky’s famling, obviously aware how much gain his neighbor and marshal was likely to be making.
这位灰白胡须的地主一听到斯维亚兹斯基农场的利润，就露出了笑容，显然意识到他的邻居和元帅可能会赚很多钱。

“Possibly it does not pay,” answered Sviazhsky. —
“可能不划算，”斯维亚兹斯基回答道。 —

“That merely proves either that I’m a bad manager, or that I’ve sunk my capital for the increase of my rents.”
“那只能证明我管理不当，或者我已经投入了我的资本来提高我的房租。”

“Oh, rent!” Levin cried with horror. “Rent there may be in Europe, where land has been improved by the labor put into it, but with us all the land is deteriorating from the labor put into it–in other words they’re working it out; —
“哦，房租！”列文惊恐地大叫道，“在欧洲可能有房租，因为土地是通过投入劳动来改良的，但对我们来说，所有的土地都在因为投入劳动而变得恶化——换句话说，他们正在开垦我们的土地，所以没有房租的问题。” —

so there’s no question of rent.”
“怎么会没有房租？这是一项法律。”

“How no rent? It’s a law.”
“那么我们超出法律了；房租对我们来说毫无意义，只会让我们感到困惑。不，告诉我怎么可能有一套关于房租的理论？”

“Then we’re outside the law; rent explains nothing for us, but simply muddles us. —
“你要吃点酸奶冻吗？玛莎，给我们准备些酸奶冻或者覆盆子。” —

No, tell me how there can be a theory of rent?…”
没有房租？那只是外行的说法。

“Will you have some junket? Masha, pass us some junket or raspberries.” —
“那我们就是在法律之外；对我们来说，房租解释不了任何问题，只会让我们更困惑。告诉我，怎么可能会有一个关于房租的理论？…” —

He turned to his wife. “Extraordinarily late the raspberries are lasting this year.”
他转向妻子说道：“今年的覆盆子真是出奇的晚。”

And in the happiest frame of mind Sviazhsky got up and walked off, apparently supposing the conversation to have ended at the very point when to Levin it seemed that it was only just beginning.
斯维亚申斯基心情非常愉快地站起来离开了，显然认为对话已经结束，而对于列文来说，他觉得对话才刚刚开始。

Having lost his antagonist, Levin continued the conversation with the gray-whiskered landowner, trying to prove to him that all the difficulty arises from the fact that we don’t find out the peculiarities and habits of our laborer; —
列文失去了和对手争论的机会，于是他继续和那个留着灰色胡子的地主交谈，试图向他证明所有的困难都是因为我们不了解我们的劳工的特点和习惯所导致的； —

but the landowner, like all men who think independently and in isolation, was slow in taking in any other person’s idea, and particularly partial to his own. —
但是像所有独立思考且处于孤立状态的人一样，这位地主接受别人的观点很慢，并且特别偏袒自己的观点。 —

He stuck to it that the Russian peasant is a swine and likes swinishness, and that to get him out of his swinishness one must have authority, and there is none; —
他坚持认为俄罗斯农民是猪，喜欢猪一样的生活方式，而要让他们改变，就必须有权威，而现在却没有。 —

one must have the stick, and we have become so liberal that we have all of a sudden replaced the stick that served us for a thousand years by lawyers and model prisons, where the worthless, stinking peasant is fed on good soup and has a fixed allowance of cubic feet of air.
一个人必须有权力，而我们已经变得如此自由，以至于我们突然用律师和模范监狱取代了千年来为我们服务的权力，那里的可恶的、臭的农民给予了美味的汤和一定立方英尺的空气的津贴。

“What makes you think,” said Levin, trying to get back to the question, “that it’s impossible to find some relation to the laborer in which the labor would become productive?”
“列夫·尝试回到问题上去”你怎么会认为不可能找到劳动者的一些关系，使劳动变得富有成效呢?“。

“That never could be so with the Russian peasantry; —
“在俄罗斯的农民中，这永远不可能实现 —

we’ve no power over them,” answered the landowner.
“我们对他们没有权力”，地主回答道。

“How can new conditions be found?” said Sviazhsky. —
斯维亚热斯基说：”怎么能找到新的条件呢?” —

Having eaten some junket and lighted a cigarette, he came back to the discussion. —
他吃了一些乳酪布丁，点了一支香烟，又回到了讨论中。 —

“All possible relations to the labor force have been defined and studied,” he said. —
他说：”对劳动力的所有可能关系都已被定义和研究过了”。 —

“The relic of barbarism, the primitive commune with each guarantee for all, will disappear of itself; —
“野蛮的遗迹，拥有针对所有人的每种保障的原始公社，将会自行消失； —

serfdom has been abolished–there remains nothing but free labor, and its fomms are fixed and ready made, and must be adopted. —
农奴制已经被废除了–现在只剩下自由劳动，其形式是固定且现成的，我们必须采用它们。 —

Permanent hands, day-laborers, rammers–you can’t get out of those forms.”
终身雇工、日工、捣子–你无法摆脱这些形式。

“But Europe is dissatisfied with these forms.”
“但是欧洲对这些形式感到不满意。”

“Dissatisfied, and seeking new ones. And will find them, in all probability.”
“不满意，并且正在寻找新的形式。很可能会找到。”

“That’s just what I was meaning,” answered Levin. “Why shouldn’t we seek them for ourselves?”
“这正是我所想的。为什么我们不能为自己寻找呢？”

“Because it would be just like inventing afresh the means for constructing railways. —
“因为这将恰好像重新发明铁路建设的手段一样。” —

They are ready, invented.”
“它们已经准备好了，已经被发明出来了。”

“But if they don’t do for us, if they’re stupid?” said Levin.
“但是如果它们对我们没用，如果它们很愚蠢呢？”列文问道。

And again he detected the expression of alarm in the eyes of Sviazhsky.
他再次注意到斯维亚兹斯基的眼中流露出惊慌的表情。

“Oh, yes; we’ll bury the world under our caps! We’ve found the secret Europe was seeking for! —
“哦，是的；我们将戴上帽子，整个世界都将为我们所控制！我们找到了欧洲一直在寻求的秘密！” —

I’ve heard all that; but, excuse me, do you know all that’s been done in Europe on the question of the organization of labor?”
“我听说过这一切；但是，请原谅，你知道欧洲在劳动组织问题上已经做了什么吗？”

“No, very little.”
“不，知之甚少。”

“That question is now absorbing the best minds in Europe. The Schulze-Delitsch movement. —
“这个问题现在正在引起欧洲最优秀的思想家们的关注。舒尔兹-德利奇运动。” —

… And then all this enormous literature of the labor question, the most liberal Lassalle movement. —
1、…然后还有大量关于劳工问题的文献，最自由的拉萨尔运动。 —

..the Mulhausen experiment? That’s a fact by now, as you’re probably aware.”
2、……穆尔豪森实验？这已经是一个事实了，你可能知道。

“I have some idea of it, but very vague.”
3、我对此有些想法，但非常模糊。

“No, you only say that; no doubt you know all about it as well as I do. —
4、不，你只是这么说；毫无疑问，你对此和我一样了如指掌。 —

I’m not a professor of sociology, of course, but it interested me, and really, if it interests you, you ought to study it.”
5、我当然不是社会学教授，但我对此感兴趣，而且真的，如果你也感兴趣，你应该研究一下。

“But what conclusion have they come to?”
6、但他们得出了什么结论？

“Excuse me…”
7、请原谅……

The two neighbors had risen, and Sviazhsky, once more checking Levin in his inconvenient habit of peeping into what was beyond the outer chambers of his mind, went to see his guests out.
8、两位邻居站起来，斯维亚日斯基再次制止了列文窥探他思维之外的事物的不方便习惯，去送客人走了。