AFTER THE ENGAGEMENT at Vyazma, where Kutuzov could not restrain his troops in their desire to break through, to cut off and all the rest of it, the further march of the flying French, and of the Russians flying after them, continued as far as Krasnoe without a battle. —
在维亚兹马的战役之后，库图佐夫无法阻止他的部队追击法军的愿望，切断他们的退路，从而使战斗追击一直到克拉斯诺耶，却没有发生任何一场战斗。 —

The flight was so rapid that the Russian army racing after the French could not catch them up; —
追逐的速度如此之快，以至于追随法军的俄军追赶不上他们。 —

the horses of the cavalry and artillery broke down, and information as to the movements of the French was always very uncertain.
骑兵和炮兵的马匹筋疲力竭，对法军行动的信息总是非常不确定。

The Russian soldiers were so exhausted by this unbroken march at the rate of forty versts a day that they were unable to quicken their pace.
俄军士兵因为每天行军四十多里而筋疲力尽，无法加快步伐。

To form an idea of the degree of exhaustion of the Russian army, one need only grasp clearly what is meant by the fact that while losing no more than five thousand killed and wounded, and not a hundred prisoners, the Russian army, which had left Tarutino a hundred thousand strong, numbered only fifty thousand on reaching Krasnoe.
要了解俄军的疲劳程度，只需清楚地明白这样一个事实，即虽然只有五千人伤亡，且没有一百名俘虏，但是离开塔鲁蒂诺时有十万人的俄军到达克拉斯诺耶时只剩下五万人。

The rapidity of the Russian pursuit had as disintegrating an effect on the Russian army as the flight of the French had on their army. —
俄军迅速追击对俄军的分裂性影响跟法军的溃散对他们的影响一样。 —

The only difference was that the Russian army moved at its own will, free from the menace of annihilation that hung over the French, and that the sick and stragglers of the French were left in the hands of their enemy, while Russian stragglers were at home among their own people. —
唯一的区别在于俄军行动自主，没有法军所面临的被歼灭威胁，并且法军的病残及逃兵落入敌人手中，而俄军逃兵在自己人中。 —

The chief cause of the wasting of Napoleon’s army was the rapidity of its movements, and an indubitable proof of that is to be seen in the corresponding dwindling of the Russian army.
拿破仑军队的疲惫之原因在于行军速度过快，而俄军的相应衰退则是不容置疑的证据。

Just as at Tarutino and at Vyazma, all Kutuzov’s energies were directed to preventing—so far as it lay in his power—any arrest of the fatal flight of the French from being checked (as the Russian generals in Petersburg, and also in the army, wished it to be). —
就像在塔鲁蒂诺和维亚兹马一样，库图佐夫将所有精力都投入到尽其所能阻止法军的致命溃退被阻止（正如彼得堡的俄军将领们以及整个军队希望的那样）。 —

He did all he could to urge on the flight of the French, and to slacken the speed of his own army.
他尽力鼓励法军的溃逃，并减缓自己军队的速度。

In addition to the exhaustion of the men, and the immense losses due to the rapidity of their movements, Kutuzov saw another reason for slackening the pace, and not being in a hurry. —
除了士兵们的疲惫以及因行军速度过快造成的巨大损失之外，库图佐夫还发现了另一个减缓进度、不急于行动的理由。 —

The object of the Russian army was the pursuit of the French. —
俄军的目标是追击法军。 —

The route of the French was uncertain, and therefore the more closely our soldiers followed the heels of the French, the greater the distances they had to traverse. —
法军的路径不确定，因此我方士兵跟得越近，需要穿行的距离就越长。 —

It was only by following at a considerable distance that they could take advantage of short cuts across the zig-zags made by the French in their course. —
只有保持相当的距离，才能利用法军在行军过程中所采取的曲线路线上的捷径。 —

All the skilful man?uvres suggested by the generals were based on forced marches at accelerated speed, while the only rational object to be aimed at was the diminution of the strain put on the men. —
所有军事将领提出的技巧性演习都是基于强行军速度的加快，但是唯一的合理目标则是减轻对士兵的压力。 —

And this was the object to which all Kutuzov’s efforts were directed during the whole campaign from Moscow to Vilna,—not casually, not fitfully, but so consistently that he never once lost sight of it.
从莫斯科到维尔纳的整个战役中，库图佐夫专注于这个目标——不是偶然、也不是间歇地，而是一贯如此以至于他一次也没有忽视过这个目标。

Not through reason, not by science, but with all his Russian heart and soul, Kutuzov felt and knew, as every Russian soldier felt it, that the French were vanquished, that their foes were in flight, and that they must see them off. —
库图佐夫凭着他的俄罗斯人的心与灵魂，而不是通过理性或科学，感到并了解到，正如每个俄罗斯士兵所感受到的那样，法军已经被打败，他们的敌人正在逃亡，而我们必须赶走他们。 —

But at the same time he felt with his soldiers, as one man, all the sufferings of that march, unheard of at such speed and in such weather.
同时，他与士兵们一起感受到了这次行军的所有苦难，他们以一个人的身份，以如此快速和恶劣的天气行军。

But the generals, especially those not Russian, burning to distinguish themselves, to dazzle people, to take some duke or king prisoner for some incomprehensible reason—those generals thought that then, when any battle was sickening and meaningless, was the very time for fighting battles and conquering somebody. —
但是那些将军们，尤其是那些非俄罗斯的将军们，渴望突显自己，吸引眼球，以某种难以理解的原因抓捕某位公爵或国王——那些将军们认为，当任何一场战斗变得令人作呕和毫无意义时，那正是战斗和征服某人的最佳时机。 —

Kutuzov simply shrugged his shoulders when they came to him one after another with projects of man? —
当他们一个接一个地拿着各种战争计划找到库图佐夫时，他只是耸了耸肩膀。 —

uvres with the ill-shod, half-clothed, and half-starved soldiers, whose numbers had in one month dwindled to one-half without a battle, and who would even, under the most favourable circumstances, have a longer distance to traverse before they reached the frontier than they had come already.
这是一支鞋子破烂、衣衫不整、半饥半饱的士兵，一个月的时间里，不经战斗就减少了一半人数。即便在最有利的情况下，他们离边境还需要走更长的路程，比他们已经走过的距离还要长。

This desire on the part of the generals to distinguish themselves, to execute man? —
将军们渴望在这次战斗中表现出色，执行手? —

uvres, to attack, and to cut off the enemy, was particularly conspicuous whenever the Russian army did come into contact with the French.
这种将军们渴望在此刻展示自己，进攻并割断敌人的意愿，在俄军与法军接触时尤为明显。

So it was at Krasnoe, where they had expected to find one of the three columns of the French, and stumbled upon Napoleon himself with sixteen thousand troops. —
就像在克拉斯诺耶一样，他们本以为会遇到法国人的其中一支三个列队，却不料碰上了拥有一万六千人的拿破仑本人。 —

In spite of all Kutuzov’s efforts to avoid this disastrous engagement, and to keep his men safe for three days at Krasnoe, there was a slaughter of the disordered bands of the French by the exhausted soldiers of the Russian army.
尽管库图佐夫尽力避免这场灾难性的战斗，并努力让他的士兵在克拉斯诺耶安全待上三天，但还是有一些法军以茫然无序的状态被俄军精疲力竭的士兵杀死。

Toll wrote out a disposition: first column to advance to this spot, and so on. —
托尔列出了一个布阵方案：第一列队前进到这个位置，依此类推。 —

And as always, what was done was not at all in accordance with that disposition. —
然而，按照布阵方案并没有做成任何事情。 —

Prince Eugene of Würtemberg kept up a fire from the hills on the mob of French as they raced by, and asked for reinforcements, which did not come. —
于尔特恩堡的尤金亲王从山上向法国群众开火，并要求增援，但没有得到支持。 —

In the nights the French dispersed to get round the Russians, hid themselves in the woods, and all that could struggled on again.
夜晚，法军四散分开以绕过俄军，藏身于树林中，而任何可能的人都再次努力前进。

Miloradovitch, who declared that he had no wish to know anything about the commissariat arrangements of his detachment, who could never be found when he was wanted, that chevalier sans peur et sans reproche, as he called himself, always eager for parleys with the French, sent messengers to demand their surrender, wasted time, and did not carry out the orders given him.
米洛拉多维奇宣称自己不愿了解自己分队的军需安排，当需要找他时永远找不到，他自称那位无畏无惧的骑士，总是渴望与法国人进行交涉，他派出信使要求敌人投降，浪费时间，并未执行他的命令。

“I make you a present of that column, lads,” he said to his men, pointing out the French to his cavalry. —
“伙计们，我把那一列队赐给你们了。”他对自己的骑兵指着法国人说。 —

And the cavalry, with spur and sabre, urged their broken-down horses into a trot, and with immense effort reached the column he had bestowed on them, that is to say, a mob of frozen, numb, and starving Frenchmen. —
骑兵们穿着马刺和军刀，费了巨大力气将他们破旧的马催促到小跑，艰难地赶到他们面前的那一列——一群冻僵、麻木和挨饿的法国人。 —

And the column laid down their weapons and surrendered, which was what they had been longing to do for weeks past.
那一列放下武器，投降了，这是他们渴望已久的事情。

At Krasnoe there were taken twenty-six thousand prisoners, a hundred cannons, a stick of some sort, which was promptly dubbed a “marshal’s baton. —
在克拉斯诺埃，他们俘获了二万六千名士兵，一百门大炮，还夺得了一根某种类型的棍子，立刻得名“元帅节杖”。 —

” And the generals disputed among themselves who had gained most distinction in the action, and were delighted at it, though they were full of regret at not having captured Napoleon or some marshal and hero, and blamed one another, and above all Kutuzov, for failing to do so.
将军们在争论着谁在这次行动中表现最出色，他们为此欣喜不已，虽然他们对未能捕获拿破仑或某个元帅和英雄深感遗憾，并且互相指责，尤其是库图佐夫，认为他这样做是失职的。

These men, drawn on by their own passions, were but the blind instruments of the most melancholy law of necessity; —
这些被自身热情驱使的人只是最悲哀的力量必然性法则的盲目工具； —

but they believed themselves heroes, and imagined that what they were doing was the noblest and most honourable achievement. —
然而他们却认为自己是英雄，并且以为自己所做的是最高尚、最荣耀的壮举。 —

They blamed Kutuzov, and declared from the very beginning of the campaign he had prevented them from conquering Napoleon; —
他们责备库图佐夫，声称从战役开始他就阻止了他们征服拿破仑； —

that he thought of nothing but his own sensual gratifications, and would not advance out of Polotnyany Zavody because he was comfortable there; —
说他只关心自己的感官享受，因此不愿离开波洛特尼亚尼扎沃德斯基，因为他觉得那里舒服； —

that he had checked the advance at Krasnoe; —
说他在克拉斯诺埃阻止了前进； —

that he had completely lost his head when he heard Napoleon was near; —
说得到拿破仑接近的消息后，他完全失去了头脑； —

that one might really suppose he had a secret understanding with Napoleon, that he had been bought over by him, and so on and so on.
可以真真切切地说，他与拿破仑有着秘密的默契，被他收买了，等等。

And not only contemporaries, misled by their own passions, have spoken thus. —
说这样的话的，不仅是被自己的热情所迷惑的同时代人。 —

Posterity and history have accepted Napoleon as grand, while foreign writers have called Kutuzov a crafty, dissolute, weak, intriguing old man; —
后人和历史将拿破仑奉为盛名，而外国作家则称库图佐夫是一个狡猾、放荡、软弱和诡计多端的老人； —

and Russians have seen in him a nondescript being, a sort of puppet, only of use owing to his Russian name …
而俄国人把他看作是一个无法归类的人物，一种傀儡，仅仅因为他有一个俄国的名字……