43.邹忌讽齐王纳谏.jpg

zōu jì fěng qí wáng nà jiàn
邹 忌 讽 齐 王 纳 谏
Zou Ji Persuades the King of Qi to Accept Criticism

liǎng hàn liú xiàng
( 两 汉 ) 刘 向
(Western Han) Liu Xiang

zōu jì xiū bā chǐ yǒu yú
邹 忌 修 八 尺 有 余 ,
Zou Ji was over eight feet tall,

ér xíng mào yì lì
而 形 貌 昳 丽 。
and his appearance was exceptionally beautiful.

zhāo fú yī guān kuī jìng
朝 服 衣 冠 , 窥 镜 ,
In his morning clothes, wearing a hat, he looked into the mirror,

wèi qí qī yuē wǒ shú yǔ chéng běi xú gōng měi
谓 其 妻 曰 :“ 我 孰 与 城 北 徐 公 美 ?”
and asked his wife, “Who is more beautiful, me or Xu Gong from the north of the city?”

qí qī yuē jūn měi shèn
其 妻 曰 :“ 君 美 甚 ,
His wife said, “You are much more beautiful,

xú gōng hé néng jí jūn yě
徐 公 何 能 及 君 也 !”
how could Xu Gong compare to you?”

chéng běi xú gōng
城 北 徐 公 ,
Xu Gong from the north of the city,

qí guó zhī měi lì zhě yě
齐 国 之 美 丽 者 也 。
was the most beautiful person in the State of Qi.

jì bù zì xìn
忌 不 自 信 ,
Ji was not confident in himself,

ér fù wèn qí qiè yuē
而 复 问 其 妾 曰 :
and asked his concubine again,

wú shú yǔ xú gōng měi
“ 吾 孰 与 徐 公 美 ?”
“Who is more beautiful, me or Xu Gong?”

qiè yuē xú gōng hé néng jí jūn yě
妾 曰 :“ 徐 公 何 能 及 君 也 !”
The concubine said, “How could Xu Gong compare to you?”

dàn rì
旦 日 ,
The next day,

kè cóng wài lái yǔ zuò tán
客 从 外 来 , 与 坐 谈 ,
a guest came from outside and sat down to talk,

wèn zhī kè yuē wú yǔ xú gōng shú měi
问 之 客 曰 :“ 吾 与 徐 公 孰 美 ?”
and he asked the guest, “Who is more beautiful, me or Xu Gong?”

kè yuē xú gōng bù ruò jūn zhī měi yě
客 曰 :“ 徐 公 不 若 君 之 美 也 。”
The guest said, “Xu Gong is not as beautiful as you.”

míng rì xú gōng lái
明 日 徐 公 来 ,
The following day, Xu Gong came,

shú shì zhī
孰 视 之 ,
and upon looking at him carefully,

zì yǐ wèi bù rú
自 以 为 不 如 ;
he felt that he was not as good as him;

kuī jìng ér zì shì
窥 镜 而 自 视 ,
Gaze at the mirror and look at oneself,

yòu fú rú yuǎn shèn
又 弗 如 远 甚 。
Not as good as from afar.

mù qǐn ér sī zhī
暮 寝 而 思 之 ,
At night, lying in bed and pondering,

yuē wú qī zhī měi wǒ zhě sī wǒ yě
曰 :“ 吾 妻 之 美 我 者 , 私 我 也 ;
I say: “My wife, who finds me beautiful, does so out of selfishness;

qiè zhī měi wǒ zhě wèi wǒ yě
妾 之 美 我 者 , 畏 我 也 ;
My concubine, who finds me beautiful, does so out of fear;

kè zhī měi wǒ zhě yù yǒu qiú yú wǒ yě
客 之 美 我 者 , 欲 有 求 于 我 也 。”
Those who praise my beauty are seeking something from me.

yú shì rù cháo jiàn wēi wáng
于 是 入 朝 见 威 王 ,
Then he entered the court and saw King Wei.

yuē chén chéng zhī bù rú xú gōng měi
曰 :“ 臣 诚 知 不 如 徐 公 美 。
I know I am not as beautiful as Xu Gong.

chén zhī qī sī chén
臣 之 妻 私 臣 ,
My wife favors me,

chén zhī qiè wèi chén
臣 之 妾 畏 臣 ,
My concubine fears me,

chén zhī kè yù yǒu qiú yú chén
臣 之 客 欲 有 求 于 臣 ,
My guests want something from me,

jiē yǐ měi yú xú gōng
皆 以 美 于 徐 公 。
All consider me more beautiful than Xu Gong.

jīn qí dì fāng qiān lǐ
今 齐 地 方 千 里 ,
Now the land of Qi is a thousand miles wide,

bǎi èr shí chéng
百 二 十 城 ,
With one hundred and twenty cities,

gōng fù zuǒ yòu mò bù sī wáng
宫 妇 左 右 莫 不 私 王 ,
The palace women on the left and right all favor the king,

cháo tíng zhī chén mò bù wèi wáng
朝 廷 之 臣 莫 不 畏 王 ,
The court officials all fear the king,

sì jìng zhī nèi mò bù yǒu qiú yú wáng
四 境 之 内 莫 不 有 求 于 王 :
Within the four borders, all seek favors from the king:

yóu cǐ guān zhī wáng zhī bì shèn yǐ
由 此 观 之 , 王 之 蔽 甚 矣 。”
From this, it can be seen that the king is greatly deceived.”

wáng yuē shàn
王 曰 :“ 善 。”
The king said, “Good.”

nǎi xià lìng
乃 下 令 :
He then issued an order:

qún chén lì mín néng miàn cì guǎ rén zhī guò zhě
“ 群 臣 吏 民 能 面 刺 寡 人 之 过 者 ,
“Officials, clerks, and commoners who can openly point out my faults,

shòu shàng shǎng
受 上 赏 ;
shall receive a high reward;

shàng shū jiàn guǎ rén zhě
上 书 谏 寡 人 者 ,
Those who submit written admonitions to me,

shòu zhōng shǎng
受 中 赏 ;
shall receive a medium reward;

néng bàng jī yú shì cháo
能 谤 讥 于 市 朝 ,
Those who ridicule and gossip in the marketplace or the court,

wén guǎ rén zhī ěr zhě
闻 寡 人 之 耳 者 ,
and whose words reach my ears,

shòu xià shǎng
受 下 赏 。”
shall receive a low reward.”

lìng chū xià
令 初 下 ,
At the beginning of the decree,

qún chén jìn jiàn
群 臣 进 谏 ,
the officials offered advice,

mén tíng ruò shì
门 庭 若 市 ;
the court was as busy as a market;

shù yuè zhī hòu
数 月 之 后 ,
After a few months,

shí shí ér jiàn jìn
时 时 而 间 进 ;
they occasionally came forward;

jī nián zhī hòu
期 年 之 后 ,
After a year,

suī yù yán wú kě jìn zhě
虽 欲 言 , 无 可 进 者 。
even if they wanted to speak, there was nothing to offer.

yān zhào hán wèi wén zhī
燕 、 赵 、 韩 、 魏 闻 之 ,
Upon hearing this, the states of Yan, Zhao, Han, and Wei

jiē cháo yú qí
皆 朝 于 齐 .
This is what is called winning the battle in the royal court.

cǐ suǒ wèi zhàn shèng yú cháo tíng
此 所 谓 战 胜 于 朝 廷 。
This is what is called winning the battle in the royal court.