cáo guì lùn zhàn
曹 刿 论 战
Cao Gui Discusses Warfare
xiān qín zuǒ qiū míng
( 先 秦 ) 左 丘 明
(Pre-Qin) Zuo Qiuming
shí nián chūn
十 年 春 ,
In the tenth year of spring,
qí shī fá wǒ
齐 师 伐 我 。
The Qi army attacked us.
gōng jiāng zhàn
公 将 战 。
The duke was about to engage in battle.
cáo guì qǐng jiàn
曹 刿 请 见 。
Cao Gui requested an audience.
qí xiāng rén yuē
其 乡 人 曰 :
His fellow villagers said:
ròu shí zhě móu zhī
“ 肉 食 者 谋 之 ,
“Those who eat meat plan it,
yòu hé jiàn yān
又 何 间 焉 ?”
Why get involved?”
guì yuē ròu shí zhě bǐ
刿 曰 :“ 肉 食 者 鄙 ,
Gui replied: “Those who eat meat are shallow-minded,
wèi néng yuǎn móu
未 能 远 谋 。”
Unable to make long-term strategies.”
nǎi rù jiàn wèn hé yǐ zhàn
乃 入 见 。 问 :“ 何 以 战 ?”
乃入见。 “Why do you fight?”
gōng yuē yī shí suǒ ān
公 曰 :“ 衣 食 所 安 ,
公曰: “Clothing and food bring comfort,
fú gǎn zhuān yě
弗 敢 专 也 ,
I dare not keep them for myself,
bì yǐ fēn rén
必 以 分 人 。”
I must share them with others.”
duì yuē xiǎo huì wèi biàn
对 曰 :“ 小 惠 未 遍 ,
对曰: “Your small kindness is not widespread,
mín fú cóng yě
民 弗 从 也 。”
The people will not follow you.”
gōng yuē xī shēng yù bó
公 曰 :“ 牺 牲 玉 帛 ,
公曰: “Sacrificial animals and silk,
fú gǎn jiā yě bì yǐ xìn
弗 敢 加 也 , 必 以 信 。”
I dare not waste them, I must be trustworthy.”
duì yuē xiǎo xìn wèi fú shén fú fú yě
对 曰 :“ 小 信 未 孚 , 神 弗 福 也 。”
对曰: “Your small trust is not yet established,
gōng yuē xiǎo dà zhī yù
公 曰 :“ 小 大 之 狱 ,
The gods will not bless you.”
suī bù néng chá bì yǐ qíng
虽 不 能 察 , 必 以 情 。”
Though unable to discern, one must rely on the situation.
duì yuē zhōng zhī shǔ yě
对 曰 :“ 忠 之 属 也 。
He replied, “It is a matter of loyalty.”
kě yǐ yī zhàn zhàn zé qǐng cóng
可 以 一 战 。 战 则 请 从 。”
One can fight a battle. If so, please allow me to follow.”
gōng yǔ zhī chéng
公 与 之 乘 ,
The duke rode with him.
zhàn yú cháng sháo
战 于 长 勺 。
They fought at Changshau.
gōng jiāng gǔ zhī
公 将 鼓 之 。
The duke was about to beat the drum.
guì yuē wèi kě
刿 曰 :“ 未 可 。”
Gui said, “Not yet.”
qí rén sān gǔ
齐 人 三 鼓 。
The people of Qi beat the drum three times.
guì yuē kě yǐ
刿 曰 :“ 可 矣 。”
Gui said, “Now it is possible.”
qí shī bài jī
齐 师 败 绩 。
The Qi army was defeated.
gōng jiāng chí zhī
公 将 驰 之 。
The Duke is about to set off.
guì yuē wèi kě
刿 曰 :“ 未 可 。”
Gong said, “Not yet.”
xià shì qí zhé
下 视 其 辙 ,
He looked down at the tracks,
dēng shì ér wàng zhī
登 轼 而 望 之 ,
Climbed onto the chariot to observe,
yuē kě yǐ suì zhú qí shī
曰 :“ 可 矣 。” 遂 逐 齐 师 。
And said, “It’s time.” Then he chased the Qi army.
jì kè gōng wèn qí gù
既 克 , 公 问 其 故 。
After the victory, the Duke asked the reason.
duì yuē fú zhàn yǒng qì yě
对 曰 :“ 夫 战 , 勇 气 也 。
He replied, “In battle, it’s about courage.
yī gǔ zuò qì zài ér shuāi sān ér jié
一 鼓 作 气 , 再 而 衰 , 三 而 竭 。
The first drumbeat inspires, the second weakens, the third exhausts.
bǐ jié wǒ yíng gù kè zhī
彼 竭 我 盈 , 故 克 之 ,
They were exhausted, we were full of energy, so we defeated them.
fú dà guó nán cè yě
夫 大 国 , 难 测 也 ,
Great nations are hard to predict,
jù yǒu fú yān
惧 有 伏 焉 。
Fear has hidden therein.
wú shì qí zhé luàn wàng qí qí mǐ gù zhú zhī
吾 视 其 辙 乱 , 望 其 旗 靡 , 故 逐 之 。”
I observe its chaotic tracks, look at their drooping flag, therefore pursue it.”