The Houyhnhnm’s notion of truth and falsehood. The author’s discourse disapproved by his master. —
雄狼的真假观念与作者的言辞不得其主人的赞同。 —

The author gives a more particular account of himself, and the accidents of his voyage.
作者更详细地介绍了自己以及航行中发生的意外。

My master heard me with great appearances of uneasiness in his countenance; —
我的主人面容不安地听着我说话。 —

because doubting, or not believing, are so little known in this country, that the inhabitants cannot tell how to behave themselves under such circumstances. —
因为在这个国家，对怀疑或不相信的概念几乎不为人知，居民们不知道该如何应对这种情况。 —

And I remember, in frequent discourses with my master concerning the nature of manhood in other parts of the world, having occasion to talk of lying and false representation, it was with much difficulty that he comprehended what I meant, although he had otherwise a most acute judgment. —
我记得常常和主人讨论世界上其他地方的人性质时，有关谎言和虚假陈述的话题，他很难理解我在说什么，尽管他在其他方面判断力非常敏锐。 —

For he argued thus: “that the use of speech was to make us understand one another, and to receive information of facts; —
因为他这样论证道：“言语的用途在于使我们互相理解，接受事实的信息；如果有人说的事情并非事实，那么这些目的就落空了，因为我无法恰当地理解他。” —

now, if any one said the thing which was not, these ends were defeated, because I cannot properly be said to understand him; —
现在，如果有人说的事情并非事实，这些目的就无法实现，因为我不能恰当地理解他。 —

and I am so far from receiving information, that he leaves me worse than in ignorance; —
而我离得信息越来越远，以至于他让我变得比无知更糟； —

for I am led to believe a thing black, when it is white, and short, when it is long. —
因为我被误导认为某物是黑色的，而实际上是白色的，被误导认为某物是短的，而实际上是长的； —

” And these were all the notions he had concerning that faculty of lying, so perfectly well understood, and so universally practised, among human creatures.
他对虚伪的认识仅止于此，虚伪是人类之间如此完美理解并普遍实践的一种能力；

To return from this digression. When I asserted that the Yahoos were the only governing animals in my country, which my master said was altogether past his conception, he desired to know, “whether we had Houyhnhnms among us, and what was their employment? —
从这个离题中回到正题，当我断言雅虎是我国唯一的统治动物时，我的主人说这完全超出了他的理解范围，他想知道，我们是否也有侯赫涅姆？他们从事什么职业？ —

” I told him, “we had great numbers; that in summer they grazed in the fields, and in winter were kept in houses with hay and oats, where Yahoo servants were employed to rub their skins smooth, comb their manes, pick their feet, serve them with food, and make their beds. —
我告诉他我们有很多侯赫涅姆，夏天它们在田野里吃草，冬天则被关在家里，用干草和燕麦饲养，雅虎仆人会给它们梳毛、梳理鬃毛、清理蹄子、提供食物并整理床铺； —

” “I understand you well,” said my master: —
“我明白你的意思，”我的主人说； —

“it is now very plain, from all you have spoken, that whatever share of reason the Yahoos pretend to, the Houyhnhnms are your masters; —
“从你所说的一切可以明显看出，无论雅虎们自称具有多少理智，荒兽们已经成为你们的主人； —

I heartily wish our Yahoos would be so tractable. —
我衷心希望我们的雅虎们能够如此易驯。 —

” I begged “his honour would please to excuse me from proceeding any further, because I was very certain that the account he expected from me would be highly displeasing. —
”我请求，“他的尊贵能够原谅我不再继续述说下去，因为我非常确定他对我所述的内容会非常不悦。 —

” But he insisted in commanding me to let him know the best and the worst. —
”但是他坚持命令我告诉他好坏都要知道。 —

I told him “he should be obeyed.” I owned “that the Houyhnhnms among us, whom we called horses, were the most generous and comely animals we had; —
我告诉他“他会被遵从。”我承认我们中的荒兽们，我们称之为马，是我们所拥有的最慷慨和美丽的动物； —

that they excelled in strength and swiftness; —
它们在力量和速度上都表现出色； —

and when they belonged to persons of quality, were employed in travelling, racing, or drawing chariots; —
当它们属于高贵之人时，会被用于旅行，赛跑或驾驶车辆； —

they were treated with much kindness and care, till they fell into diseases, or became foundered in the feet; —
它们受到非常友善和关爱的待遇，直到它们生病或蹄部受伤； —

but then they were sold, and used to all kind of drudgery till they died; —
但是之后它们会被出售，并被用于各种苦役直到死去； —

after which their skins were stripped, and sold for what they were worth, and their bodies left to be devoured by dogs and birds of prey. —
之后他们的皮肤被剥下来，按照它们的价值被出售，他们的尸体则被留给狗和食肉鸟来吃掉。 —

But the common race of horses had not so good fortune, being kept by farmers and carriers, and other mean people, who put them to greater labour, and fed them worse. —
然而，普通的马没有那么幸运，它们被农民、运输工和其他卑微的人养着，承受更大的劳动，吃得更差。 —

” I described, as well as I could, our way of riding; —
我尽力描述了我们骑马的方式； —

the shape and use of a bridle, a saddle, a spur, and a whip; of harness and wheels. —
以及马具、马鞍、马刺和马鞭的形状和用途；以及挽具和车轮。 —

I added, “that we fastened plates of a certain hard substance, called iron, at the bottom of their feet, to preserve their hoofs from being broken by the stony ways, on which we often travelled.”
我补充说：“我们在它们的脚底下固定了一种叫做铁的硬物板，以保护它们的蹄子不被我们经常走的崎岖道路摔断。”

My master, after some expressions of great indignation, wondered “how we dared to venture upon a Houyhnhnm’s back; —
我的主人在表达了强烈愤怒的几句话后，惊讶地问道：“我们是怎么敢骑上一个Houyhnhnm的背上； —

for he was sure, that the weakest servant in his house would be able to shake off the strongest Yahoo; —
他确信，他家里最弱的仆人都能把最强壮的Yahoo摔下来。” —

or by lying down and rolling on his back, squeeze the brute to death. —
或者趴下来，仰面朝上，用力把野兽榨死。 —

” I answered “that our horses were trained up, from three or four years old, to the several uses we intended them for; —
“我回答说，我们的马从三四岁开始就接受了我们预定的各种训练； —

that if any of them proved intolerably vicious, they were employed for carriages; —
若是有些马表现得特别难以驯服，我们就会将它们用来拉车； —

that they were severely beaten, while they were young, for any mischievous tricks; —
它们在幼年时进行了严厉的打击以防止恶作剧； —

that the males, designed for the common use of riding or draught, were generally castrated about two years after their birth, to take down their spirits, and make them more tame and gentle; —
那些为了骑乘或拉车的公马通常在出生后两年左右被阉割，这能削弱它们的精神，使得它们更加温顺驯良； —

that they were indeed sensible of rewards and punishments; —
它们确实能够明白奖惩； —

but his honour would please to consider, that they had not the least tincture of reason, any more than the Yahoos in this country.”
但我希望大人能够考虑到它们和这个国家的雅虎一样，根本没有一丁点儿理智。”

It put me to the pains of many circumlocutions, to give my master a right idea of what I spoke; —
我费了好大的周折，才让主人明白我所说的是什么； —

for their language does not abound in variety of words, because their wants and passions are fewer than among us. —
因为它们的语言词汇量不丰富，毕竟它们的需求和情感要比我们少得多。 —

But it is impossible to express his noble resentment at our savage treatment of the Houyhnhnm race; —
但是我们对豪因欣姆族群的野蛮对待，他无法表达他的高贵愤怒； —

particularly after I had explained the manner and use of castrating horses among us, to hinder them from propagating their kind, and to render them more servile. —
特别是在我向他解释了我们如何阉割马匹以阻止它们繁殖并使其更为奴性之后； —

He said, “if it were possible there could be any country where Yahoos alone were endued with reason, they certainly must be the governing animal; —
他说：“如果可能有一个国家，只有雅虎具有理性，他们当然必须成为统治动物； —

because reason in time will always prevail against brutal strength. —
因为时间上，理性总是能战胜野蛮的力量； —

But, considering the frame of our bodies, and especially of mine, he thought no creature of equal bulk was so ill-contrived for employing that reason in the common offices of life; —
但是，考虑到我们的身体结构，尤其是我自己的身体结构，他认为没有一种体型相同的生物适用于将理性应用于日常生活中的常规工作； —

” whereupon he desired to know whether those among whom I lived resembled me, or the Yahoos of his country? —
于是他想知道我所生活的人群是更像我，还是更像他国的雅虎； —

” I assured him, “that I was as well shaped as most of my age; —
我向他保证，“我和大多数同龄人一样身材匀称； —

but the younger, and the females, were much more soft and tender, and the skins of the latter generally as white as milk. —
但是年轻人和女性们要柔软得多，后者的皮肤一般洁白如奶。 —

” He said, “I differed indeed from other Yahoos, being much more cleanly, and not altogether so deformed; —
“他说，”我与其他雅虎确实不同，更加干净，也不完全那么丑陋； —

but, in point of real advantage, he thought I differed for the worse: —
但是从实际利益来看，他认为我是变得更糟了： —

that my nails were of no use either to my fore or hinder feet; —
我的指甲对我的前爪和后脚都没有用； —

as to my fore feet, he could not properly call them by that name, for he never observed me to walk upon them; —
至于我的前爪，他无法恰当地称之为前爪，因为他从未见过我用它们走路； —

that they were too soft to bear the ground; that I generally went with them uncovered; —
它们太软了无法承受地面，我通常走路时不遮盖它们； —

neither was the covering I sometimes wore on them of the same shape, or so strong as that on my feet behind: —
我有时候在它们上面穿的那种覆盖物也不是相同的形状，也不像后脚的那样坚固； —

that I could not walk with any security, for if either of my hinder feet slipped, I must inevitably fail. —
我无法安全地行走，因为如果我的后脚滑了，我就必定会摔倒。 —

” He then began to find fault with other parts of my body: —
“然后他开始挑剔我身体的其他部位： —

“the flatness of my face, the prominence of my nose, mine eyes placed directly in front, so that I could not look on either side without turning my head: —
我的脸显得扁平，鼻子突出，眼睛直接朝前，不能向两边看，除非转动头。 —

that I was not able to feed myself, without lifting one of my fore-feet to my mouth: —
我无法自己进食，除非把前爪举起送入嘴里。 —

and therefore nature had placed those joints to answer that necessity. —
因此，自然界为了适应这个需求，将关节安放在此处。 —

He knew not what could be the use of those several clefts and divisions in my feet behind; —
他不知道我的后脚有那些裂缝和分叉有什么用途。 —

that these were too soft to bear the hardness and sharpness of stones, without a covering made from the skin of some other brute; —
这些地方太软了，无法承受石头的硬度和锐利，所以得用其他野兽的皮来覆盖。 —

that my whole body wanted a fence against heat and cold, which I was forced to put on and off every day, with tediousness and trouble: —
我全身都缺少对抗寒热的屏障，所以每天都不得不穿脱，令人烦恼和困扰。 —

and lastly, that he observed every animal in this country naturally to abhor the Yahoos, whom the weaker avoided, and the stronger drove from them. —
最后，他注意到这个国家的每一种动物都自然地厌恶雅虎，较弱的避开它们，较强的则将它们赶离。 —

So that, supposing us to have the gift of reason, he could not see how it were possible to cure that natural antipathy, which every creature discovered against us; —
假設我們具有理性的天賦，他看不出如何可能治愈每種生物對我們的天生厭惡； —

nor consequently how we could tame and render them serviceable. —
也無法理解如何馴服它們並使它們對我們有用。 —

However, he would,” as he said, “debate the matter no farther, because he was more desirous to know my own story, the country where I was born, and the several actions and events of my life, before I came hither.”
然而，他說，“他不想再進一步討論這個問題，因為他更渴望了解我的個人故事，我出生的國家以及我來到這裡之前的各種行為和事件。”

I assured him, “how extremely desirous I was that he should be satisfied on every point; —
我向他保證，“我非常渴望他對每個問題都滿意； —

but I doubted much, whether it would be possible for me to explain myself on several subjects, whereof his honour could have no conception; —
但我很懷疑，我是否能夠在一些他榮譽無法理解的主題上解釋自己； —

because I saw nothing in his country to which I could resemble them; —
因為我在他的國家看不到任何我能與之類比的東西； —

that, however, I would do my best, and strive to express myself by similitudes, humbly desiring his assistance when I wanted proper words; —
然而，我會盡力而為，努力用類比的方式表達自己，謙虛地請求他在我需要適當詞語時的協助； —

” which he was pleased to promise me.
“他很樂意答應我。”

I said, “my birth was of honest parents, in an island called England; —
我说，“我出生在一个名叫英格兰的岛上，我的父母是诚实的人； —

which was remote from his country, as many days’ journey as the strongest of his honour’s servants could travel in the annual course of the sun; —
这个岛离他的国家很遥远，距离他荣誉误差服务的最强壮的仆人按旭日年度行程所需的天数一样多； —

that I was bred a surgeon, whose trade it is to cure wounds and hurts in the body, gotten by accident or violence; —
我接受了医生的培养，医生的职业是治疗身体上由意外或暴力造成的创伤和伤害； —

that my country was governed by a female man, whom we called queen; —
我的国家是由一位我们称之为女王的女人统治的； —

that I left it to get riches, whereby I might maintain myself and family, when I should return; —
我离开了我的国家去获取财富，以便我在返回时能够供养自己和家人； —

that, in my last voyage, I was commander of the ship, and had about fifty Yahoos under me, many of which died at sea, and I was forced to supply them by others picked out from several nations; —
在我的最后一次航行中，我是船长，手下大约有五十个雅虎人，其中很多在海上丧生，我不得不通过从几个国家挑选的其他人来填补空缺； —

that our ship was twice in danger of being sunk, the first time by a great storm, and the second by striking against a rock. —
我们的船两次险些沉没，第一次是因为一场大风暴，第二次是撞上了一块岩石。” —

” Here my master interposed, by asking me, “how I could persuade strangers, out of different countries, to venture with me, after the losses I had sustained, and the hazards I had run? —
“这时，我的主人插话问我，‘我是如何能够说服来自不同国家的陌生人与我一同冒险，考虑到我曾经遭受的损失和风险。’” —

” I said, “they were fellows of desperate fortunes, forced to fly from the places of their birth on account of their poverty or their crimes. —
“我说，‘他们都是命运悲惨的人，因为贫困或犯罪而被迫逃离自己的出生地。’” —

Some were undone by lawsuits; others spent all they had in drinking, whoring, and gaming; —
“有些人因为官司败诉而破产，其他人则把所有的钱都花在喝酒、嫖娼和赌博上。” —

others fled for treason; many for murder, theft, poisoning, robbery, perjury, forgery, coining false money, for committing rapes, or sodomy; —
“还有人为了叛国逃亡，许多人则因为谋杀、盗窃、投毒、抢劫、假证、伪造假币、强奸或鸡奸而被迫逃亡。” —

for flying from their colours, or deserting to the enemy; and most of them had broken prison; —
“有的是为了逃离自己的军队，或者投奔敌人；而其中大多数人都越狱出逃。” —

none of these durst return to their native countries, for fear of being hanged, or of starving in a jail; —
“由于他们害怕被绞死或在囚牢里挨饿，他们都不敢回到自己的祖国。” —

and therefore they were under the necessity of seeking a livelihood in other places.”
“因此，他们被迫在其他地方寻找谋生的方式。”

During this discourse, my master was pleased to interrupt me several times. —
“在这段对话期间，我的主人多次打断了我。” —

I had made use of many circumlocutions in describing to him the nature of the several crimes for which most of our crew had been forced to fly their country. —
我在向他描述我们船员中大多数人被迫逃离国家的几种罪行时使用了很多绕圈子的话语。 —

This labour took up several days’ conversation, before he was able to comprehend me. —
这个努力花了几天的谈话时间，直到他能够理解我。 —

He was wholly at a loss to know what could be the use or necessity of practising those vices. —
他完全不知道练习这些恶习有什么用或必要性。 —

To clear up which, I endeavoured to give some ideas of the desire of power and riches; —
为了澄清这一点，我试图给他一些权力和财富欲望的概念。 —

of the terrible effects of lust, intemperance, malice, and envy. —
还有欲望、放纵、恶意和嫉妒的可怕影响。 —

All this I was forced to define and describe by putting cases and making suppositions. —
为了解释清楚，我不得不通过举例和设想来定义和描述这一切。 —

After which, like one whose imagination was struck with something never seen or heard of before, he would lift up his eyes with amazement and indignation. —
在那之后，就像一个想象力被前所未见或听闻的事物触动了的人一样，他会惊讶和愤怒地抬起眼睛。 —

Power, government, war, law, punishment, and a thousand other things, had no terms wherein that language could express them, which made the difficulty almost insuperable, to give my master any conception of what I meant. —
权力、政府、战争、法律、惩罚和其他无数事物都没有相应的词汇可以用那种语言表达，这使得让我的主人理解我所说的变得几乎无法逾越的困难。 —

But being of an excellent understanding, much improved by contemplation and converse, he at last arrived at a competent knowledge of what human nature, in our parts of the world, is capable to perform, and desired I would give him some particular account of that land which we call Europe, but especially of my own country.
但是由于他拥有出色的理解力，通过沉思和交谈进一步提高了他的知识水平，他最终对我们这个世界的人类本性有了足够的了解，并希望我给他一些关于我们称之为欧洲的土地，尤其是我自己的国家的详细描述。