The author permitted to see the grand academy of Lagado. —
作者被允许参观拉加多大学。 —

The academy largely described. The arts wherein the professors employ themselves.
大学被广泛描述了。教授们从事的艺术。

This academy is not an entire single building, but a continuation of several houses on both sides of a street, which growing waste, was purchased and applied to that use.
这所学院并不是一个完整的建筑，而是一条街道两边的几栋房子，相继被购买并用于那个用途。

I was received very kindly by the warden, and went for many days to the academy. —
由教监亲切接待了我，我在学院呆了很多天。 —

Every room has in it one or more projectors; —
每个房间里都有一个或多个发明家； —

and I believe I could not be in fewer than five hundred rooms.
我相信我至少进入了五百个房间。

The first man I saw was of a meagre aspect, with sooty hands and face, his hair and beard long, ragged, and singed in several places. —
我见到的第一个人面色干瘪，手脏脸黑，头发和胡子又长又乱，在几个地方被烧焦了。 —

His clothes, shirt, and skin, were all of the same colour. —
他的衣服、衬衫和皮肤都是同一种颜色。 —

He has been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers, which were to be put in phials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the air in raw inclement summers. —
他已经花了八年时间研究如何从黄瓜中提取阳光，这些阳光应该被封装在密封瓶中，然后在寒冷的夏天释放出来，用来温暖空气。 —

He told me, he did not doubt, that, in eight years more, he should be able to supply the governor’s gardens with sunshine, at a reasonable rate: —
他告诉我，他不怀疑，在再过八年的时间里，他将能够以合理的价格向州长的花园提供阳光。 —

but he complained that his stock was low, and entreated me “to give him something as an encouragement to ingenuity, especially since this had been a very dear season for cucumbers. —
但他抱怨他的库存很低，并恳请我“给他一些鼓励创新的东西，尤其是在黄瓜的季节这个时候非常昂贵”。 —

” I made him a small present, for my lord had furnished me with money on purpose, because he knew their practice of begging from all who go to see them.
我给了他一个小礼物，因为我的主人特地给我提供了钱，因为他知道他们向去参观的人乞讨的作法。

I went into another chamber, but was ready to hasten back, being almost overcome with a horrible stink. —
我走进另一个房间，但几乎因可怕的臭味而迅速返回。 —

My conductor pressed me forward, conjuring me in a whisper “to give no offence, which would be highly resented; —
我的向导催促我继续前进，低声嘱咐我“不要冒犯，否则会引起极大的反感”，所以我不敢连捏鼻子。 —

” and therefore I durst not so much as stop my nose. —
这座牢房的发起人是学院里最古老的学生； —

The projector of this cell was the most ancient student of the academy; —
他的脸和胡子是苍白的黄色；他的手和衣服上都染满了污垢。 —

his face and beard were of a pale yellow; his hands and clothes daubed over with filth. —
阐述者的面容和胡须都是苍白的黄色；双手和衣服上都沾满了污垢。 —

When I was presented to him, he gave me a close embrace, a compliment I could well have excused. —
当我被介绍给他时，他给了我一个亲密的拥抱，一个可以原谅的赞美。 —

His employment, from his first coming into the academy, was an operation to reduce human excrement to its original food, by separating the several parts, removing the tincture which it receives from the gall, making the odour exhale, and scumming off the saliva. —
他的职业，从他进入学院起，是将人类粪便还原为原始食物的一项工作，通过分离不同的部分，去除它从胆汁中获得的颜色，使气味挥发，并去除唾液。 —

He had a weekly allowance, from the society, of a vessel filled with human ordure, about the bigness of a Bristol barrel.
他在社团里每周有一笔津贴，是一桶装满人类排泄物的容器大小。

I saw another at work to calcine ice into gunpowder; —
我看到另一个人把冰砖烧成火药。 —

who likewise showed me a treatise he had written concerning the malleability of fire, which he intended to publish.
他还向我展示了他写的一篇关于火焰的可塑性的论文，他打算出版。

There was a most ingenious architect, who had contrived a new method for building houses, by beginning at the roof, and working downward to the foundation; —
有一个非常聪明的建筑师，他发明了一种新的建筑房屋的方法，从屋顶开始，逐渐向下工作，直到地基。 —

which he justified to me, by the like practice of those two prudent insects, the bee and the spider.
他向我辩解，举出了两种聪明昆虫蜜蜂和蜘蛛的类似做法作为理由。

There was a man born blind, who had several apprentices in his own condition: —
有一个生来失明的人，有几个和他一样条件的学徒。 —

their employment was to mix colours for painters, which their master taught them to distinguish by feeling and smelling. —
他们的工作是为画家混合颜色，他们的老师教他们通过感觉和嗅觉来区分颜色。 —

It was indeed my misfortune to find them at that time not very perfect in their lessons, and the professor himself happened to be generally mistaken. —
不幸的是，当时他们的功课并不完美，而且教授本人常常弄错。 —

This artist is much encouraged and esteemed by the whole fraternity.
这位艺术家得到了整个行业的鼓励和尊重。

In another apartment I was highly pleased with a projector who had found a device of ploughing the ground with hogs, to save the charges of ploughs, cattle, and labour. —
在另一个房间里，我对一个发明家非常感兴趣，他发明了一种用猪来耕地的设备，以节省犁耙、牲畜和劳动力的费用。 —

The method is this: in an acre of ground you bury, at six inches distance and eight deep, a quantity of acorns, dates, chestnuts, and other mast or vegetables, whereof these animals are fondest; —
方法如下：在一英亩的土地上，你要埋下一些栗子、橡子、板栗和其他动物最喜欢的食物，间距六英寸，深度八英寸； —

then you drive six hundred or more of them into the field, where, in a few days, they will root up the whole ground in search of their food, and make it fit for sowing, at the same time manuring it with their dung: —
然后你把六百多只猪放到田地里，在几天内它们就会为了觅食而把整块土地翻个底朝天，同时用它们的粪便施肥，使土壤适合播种。 —

it is true, upon experiment, they found the charge and trouble very great, and they had little or no crop. —
事实上，经过实验，他们发现电荷和麻烦非常大，几乎没有作物。 —

However it is not doubted, that this invention may be capable of great improvement.
然而，毫无疑问，这项发明可能可大有改进。

I went into another room, where the walls and ceiling were all hung round with cobwebs, except a narrow passage for the artist to go in and out. —
我走进另一个房间，四壁和天花板上都挂满了蜘蛛网，只有一条窄通道供艺术家进出。 —

At my entrance, he called aloud to me, “not to disturb his webs. —
我进来时，他大声对我喊道：“不要打扰我的网。 —

” He lamented “the fatal mistake the world had been so long in, of using silkworms, while we had such plenty of domestic insects who infinitely excelled the former, because they understood how to weave, as well as spin. —
”他抱怨道，“世界长期以来犯下的致命错误是使用蚕蛾，而我们有这么多家养昆虫，它们在纺织和纺丝方面远远超过前者。 —

” And he proposed further, “that by employing spiders, the charge of dyeing silks should be wholly saved; —
”他进一步提议说，“通过使用蜘蛛，染色丝绸的费用将完全节省; —

” whereof I was fully convinced, when he showed me a vast number of flies most beautifully coloured, wherewith he fed his spiders, assuring us “that the webs would take a tincture from them; —
”当他向我们展示了一大堆色彩鲜艳的飞蛾时，我完全相信了他的话，他用这些飞蛾喂养他的蜘蛛，他保证说“网会从中染色。 —

and as he had them of all hues, he hoped to fit everybody’s fancy, as soon as he could find proper food for the flies, of certain gums, oils, and other glutinous matter, to give a strength and consistence to the threads.”
他有各种颜色的丝线，希望能够迎合每个人的喜好，只要能找到适合苍蝇的食物，如某些树胶、油和其他胶质物质，给丝线赋予强度和一致性。”

There was an astronomer, who had undertaken to place a sun-dial upon the great weathercock on the town-house, by adjusting the annual and diurnal motions of the earth and sun, so as to answer and coincide with all accidental turnings of the wind.
有一个天文学家，他打算在市政厅的大风向标上安装一个日晷，通过调整地球和太阳的年、日运动，使其能够适应和和符合风向的任何偶然变化。

I was complaining of a small fit of the colic, upon which my conductor led me into a room where a great physician resided, who was famous for curing that disease, by contrary operations from the same instrument. —
我抱怨自己得了一阵小的肠绞痛，我的引导者带我进了一个屋子，屋子里住着一位闻名于治疗这种疾病的大医生，他通过相反的操作方式来治疗。 —

He had a large pair of bellows, with a long slender muzzle of ivory: —
他有一对很大的风箱，还有一根长长的象牙细长喇叭口。 —

this he conveyed eight inches up the anus, and drawing in the wind, he affirmed he could make the guts as lank as a dried bladder. —
他把它插入肛门，吸入空气，他声称他可以让肠子变得像干燥的膀胱一样松弛。 —

But when the disease was more stubborn and violent, he let in the muzzle while the bellows were full of wind, which he discharged into the body of the patient; —
但当疾病更加顽固和暴力时，他就让风箱充满风，并将其排放到患者身体中； —

then withdrew the instrument to replenish it, clapping his thumb strongly against the orifice of then fundament; —
然后将仪器取出重新装填，紧紧地按住肛门的口，使之变得难以透气； —

and this being repeated three or four times, the adventitious wind would rush out, bringing the noxious along with it, (like water put into a pump), and the patient recovered. —
这个过程重复三四次，额外的气体会随之冲出，带走了有害物质（就像水被灌入泵中），患者康复了。 —

I saw him try both experiments upon a dog, but could not discern any effect from the former. —
我看到他在一只狗身上尝试了这两种实验，但无法从前者中看出任何效果。 —

After the latter the animal was ready to burst, and made so violent a discharge as was very offensive to me and my companion. —
在后者实验后，动物几乎要爆炸了，并剧烈排出了非常令人讨厌的东西，这对我和我的同伴来说非常令人不快。 —

The dog died on the spot, and we left the doctor endeavouring to recover him, by the same operation.
狗当场死亡，而我们则离开了医生，他正在尝试通过同样的操作使狗恢复。

I visited many other apartments, but shall not trouble my reader with all the curiosities I observed, being studious of brevity.
我参观了许多其他房间，但不会给读者带来所有我观察到的奇异之处，我追求简洁。

I had hitherto seen only one side of the academy, the other being appropriated to the advancers of speculative learning, of whom I shall say something, when I have mentioned one illustrious person more, who is called among them “the universal artist. —
直到现在，我只见过学院的一面，而另一面是属于那些探索性学习的推动者们，当我提到另一个著名的人物时，我会稍微介绍他们，他被他们称为“万能艺术家”。 —

” He told us “he had been thirty years employing his thoughts for the improvement of human life. —
他告诉我们，“他已经用自己的思想为改善人类生活耗费了三十年。 —

” He had two large rooms full of wonderful curiosities, and fifty men at work. —
他有两个大房间充满了奇妙的珍品，还有五十个工人。 —

Some were condensing air into a dry tangible substance, by extracting the nitre, and letting the aqueous or fluid particles percolate; —
有些人通过提取硝石、让水分子渗透来将空气浓缩成干燥的实质物质； —

others softening marble, for pillows and pin-cushions; —
其他人则是用来软化大理石，制作枕头和针垫； —

others petrifying the hoofs of a living horse, to preserve them from foundering. —
还有人通过将活马的蹄子变成石头，以防止它们患上蹄踝炎。 —

The artist himself was at that time busy upon two great designs; —
这位艺术家当时忙于两个重要的设计； —

the first, to sow land with chaff, wherein he affirmed the true seminal virtue to be contained, as he demonstrated by several experiments, which I was not skilful enough to comprehend. —
首先是用谷壳撒种，他声称真正的种子力量就在其中，他通过几个我不懂的实验来证明这一点。 —

The other was, by a certain composition of gums, minerals, and vegetables, outwardly applied, to prevent the growth of wool upon two young lambs; —
另一种方法是通过一种由胶、矿物和蔬菜组成的混合物来预防两只小羊的毛发生长; —

and he hoped, in a reasonable time to propagate the breed of naked sheep, all over the kingdom.
他希望在合理的时间内在整个王国推广裸羊的品种。

We crossed a walk to the other part of the academy, where, as I have already said, the projectors in speculative learning resided.
我们穿过一条小路来到了学院的另一边，那里住着那些从事理论学习的发明家们。

The first professor I saw, was in a very large room, with forty pupils about him. —
我看到的第一位教授身处一个非常大的房间，有四十个学生围绕着他。 —

After salutation, observing me to look earnestly upon a frame, which took up the greatest part of both the length and breadth of the room, he said, “Perhaps I might wonder to see him employed in a project for improving speculative knowledge, by practical and mechanical operations. —
在问候之后，我注意到我在房间里专注地看着一个构架，它占据了房间的大部分长度和宽度，他说：“也许我会对他从事通过实际和机械操作来改进理论知识的项目感到惊讶。 —

But the world would soon be sensible of its usefulness; —
但世界很快就会意识到它的有用性； —

and he flattered himself, that a more noble, exalted thought never sprang in any other man’s head. Every one knew how laborious the usual method is of attaining to arts and sciences; —
他自吹自擂地说，这是一个更高尚、更崇高的想法，从来没有其他人想过。每个人都知道学习艺术和科学的常规方法是多么费力。 —

whereas, by his contrivance, the most ignorant person, at a reasonable charge, and with a little bodily labour, might write books in philosophy, poetry, politics, laws, mathematics, and theology, without the least assistance from genius or study. —
然而，通过他的构思，即使是最无知的人，只需付出一点点体力劳动的代价，也可以在哲学、诗歌、政治、法律、数学和神学等方面写书，完全不需要天赋或学习的帮助。 —

” He then led me to the frame, about the sides, whereof all his pupils stood in ranks. —
他随后把我带到了一个框架旁边，他的所有学生都站成了一排。 —

It was twenty feet square, placed in the middle of the room. —
框架是正方形的，尺寸为二十英尺，放在房间的中央。 —

The superfices was composed of several bits of wood, about the bigness of a die, but some larger than others. —
表面由数块木料组成，每一块大小都像骰子一样，但有些更大。 —

They were all linked together by slender wires. —
它们都由细弱的金属丝连接在一起。 —

These bits of wood were covered, on every square, with paper pasted on them; —
这些木块被粘贴着纸，每一个小方块上都贴着纸。 —

and on these papers were written all the words of their language, in their several moods, tenses, and declensions; —
而这些纸上写着他们语言中的所有单词，以及各种语气、时态和词形变化。 —

but without any order. The professor then desired me “to observe; —
但是没有任何顺序。然后教授请我“注意”； —

for he was going to set his engine at work. —
因为他要开始操作他的发明。 —

” The pupils, at his command, took each of them hold of an iron handle, whereof there were forty fixed round the edges of the frame; —
根据他的指令，学生们一个个握住了框架边缘固定的四十个铁把手； —

and giving them a sudden turn, the whole disposition of the words was entirely changed. —
他们突然转动把手，整个文字布局完全改变了。 —

He then commanded six-and-thirty of the lads, to read the several lines softly, as they appeared upon the frame; —
然后他命令三十六个男孩轻声读出在框架上显示的各行文字； —

and where they found three or four words together that might make part of a sentence, they dictated to the four remaining boys, who were scribes. —
当他们发现三四个连在一起的单词可以组成一个句子时，就向剩下的四个男孩（书写员）口述。 —

This work was repeated three or four times, and at every turn, the engine was so contrived, that the words shifted into new places, as the square bits of wood moved upside down.
这个工作重复了三到四次，而且每次转动时，引擎都是设计得让方形木块上下移动时，文字会改变位置。

Six hours a day the young students were employed in this labour; —
每天有六个小时，这些年轻学生都会从事这项工作； —

and the professor showed me several volumes in large folio, already collected, of broken sentences, which he intended to piece together, and out of those rich materials, to give the world a complete body of all arts and sciences; —
教授向我展示了几卷大号的已经收集好的断句，他打算将这些丰富的素材拼凑在一起，创作出一部完整的所有艺术和科学的巨著，以奉献给世界。 —

which, however, might be still improved, and much expedited, if the public would raise a fund for making and employing five hundred such frames in Lagado, and oblige the managers to contribute in common their several collections.
然而，如果公众能为在拉加多制造和使用五百个这样的框架筹集资金，并强制管理人员共同贡献他们各自的收集物，这个发明可能仍然可以得到改进并迅速推进。

He assured me “that this invention had employed all his thoughts from his youth; —
他向我保证，“这个发明从他年轻时起就占据了他所有的思考。 —

that he had emptied the whole vocabulary into his frame, and made the strictest computation of the general proportion there is in books between the numbers of particles, nouns, and verbs, and other parts of speech.”
他把整个词汇表都放入了他的框架中，并且对书籍中包含的粒子、名词、动词和其他词性之间的一般比例进行了最严密的计算。”

I made my humblest acknowledgment to this illustrious person, for his great communicativeness; —
我向这位伟大的人表示最谦逊的感激之情； —

and promised, “if ever I had the good fortune to return to my native country, that I would do him justice, as the sole inventor of this wonderful machine; —
并承诺，“如果我有幸返回我的祖国，我将公正地表彰他作为这个奇妙机器的唯一发明者； —

” the form and contrivance of which I desired leave to delineate on paper, as in the figure here annexed. —
”我请求能够在纸上描述出这个机器的形式和设计，如附图中所示。 —

I told him, “although it were the custom of our learned in Europe to steal inventions from each other, who had thereby at least this advantage, that it became a controversy which was the right owner; —
我对他说：“虽然在欧洲，我们学者之间彼此偷窃发明是一种惯例，这至少有一个好处，即引发了关于谁是真正的所有者的争议；但是我会采取谨慎措施，让他独享荣誉，没有竞争对手。” —

yet I would take such caution, that he should have the honour entire, without a rival.”
接下来我们去了语言学校，那里有三位教授正在研究改进本国语言。

We next went to the school of languages, where three professors sat in consultation upon improving that of their own country.
第一个方案是通过将多音节词缩减为单音节词，并省略动词和分词来缩短演讲时间，因为实际上，想象中的所有事物都只是名词。

The first project was, to shorten discourse, by cutting polysyllables into one, and leaving out verbs and participles, because, in reality, all things imaginable are but norms.
另一个方案是完全废除一切词语；

The other project was, a scheme for entirely abolishing all words whatsoever; —
据称这在健康和简洁方面都有很大的优势。 —

and this was urged as a great advantage in point of health, as well as brevity. —
因为很明显，我们所说的每个词语都在一定程度上腐蚀了我们的肺部，从而导致我们的寿命缩短。 —

For it is plain, that every word we speak is, in some degree, a diminution of our lunge by corrosion, and, consequently, contributes to the shortening of our lives. —
在先贤讨论学习语言的地方，第一个计划是把辞言剪短，一个多辞换一个单辞，省去了动词和分词，因为实际上，一切可思量之事情都不过只是单辞。这个动刑的目标是用辞剪省 —

An expedient was therefore offered, “that since words are only names for things, it would be more convenient for all men to carry about them such things as were necessary to express a particular business they are to discourse on. —
因此，一个实用的建议是，”既然言辞只是事物的名称，那么每个人携带一些必要的物品来表达他们所要讨论的特定业务将更加方便。 —

” And this invention would certainly have taken place, to the great ease as well as health of the subject, if the women, in conjunction with the vulgar and illiterate, had not threatened to raise a rebellion unless they might be allowed the liberty to speak with their tongues, after the manner of their forefathers; —
“如果不是与粗俗无知的妇女们结合起来的话，这个发明肯定会实现，对于主体来说无论从容度还是健康度都会有很大的便利；然而，这些常常对科学持敌对态度的普通人们威胁要发动起义，除非他们被允许按照他们祖先的方式用舌头说话。 —

such constant irreconcilable enemies to science are the common people. —
这些普通人是科学的不共戴天的敌人。 —

However, many of the most learned and wise adhere to the new scheme of expressing themselves by things; —
然而，许多最有学识和智慧的人坚持通过物品来表达自己的新方案。 —

which has only this inconvenience attending it, that if a man’s business be very great, and of various kinds, he must be obliged, in proportion, to carry a greater bundle of things upon his back, unless he can afford one or two strong servants to attend him. —
唯一的不便之处是，如果一个人的业务范围非常广泛，并且种类繁多，他必须相应地背负更多的负担，除非他能够雇佣一两个强壮的仆人来侍候他。 —

I have often beheld two of those sages almost sinking under the weight of their packs, like pedlars among us, who, when they met in the street, would lay down their loads, open their sacks, and hold conversation for an hour together; —
我经常看到两位智者几乎被他们的包裹压垮，就像我们这里的小贩一样，当他们在街上遇到彼此时，他们会放下负担，打开包裹，聊上一小时； —

then put up their implements, help each other to resume their burdens, and take their leave.
然后他们收拾好工具，互相帮助重新挑起负担，告别彼此。

But for short conversations, a man may carry implements in his pockets, and under his arms, enough to supply him; —
但是对于简短的对话来说，一个人可以在口袋和腋下携带足够的工具来供应他使用； —

and in his house, he cannot be at a loss. —
而在他的房间里，他不会迷失方向。 —

Therefore the room where company meet who practise this art, is full of all things, ready at hand, requisite to furnish matter for this kind of artificial converse.
因此，练习这种艺术的人相聚的房间里，摆满了一切需要的物品，随时可以供应这种人工对话的内容。

Another great advantage proposed by this invention was, that it would serve as a universal language, to be understood in all civilised nations, whose goods and utensils are generally of the same kind, or nearly resembling, so that their uses might easily be comprehended. —
这个发明提出的另一个巨大优势是，它将作为一种通用语言，在所有文明国家中被理解，这些国家的商品和器具通常是相同或相似的，因此它们的用途可以很容易地被理解。 —

And thus ambassadors would be qualified to treat with foreign princes, or ministers of state, to whose tongues they were utter strangers.
这样，大使将能够与对他们毫不熟悉的外国王子或国家部长进行谈判。

I was at the mathematical school, where the master taught his pupils after a method scarce imaginable to us in Europe. —
我在一个数学学校，老师用我们在欧洲几乎无法想象的方法教导学生。 —

The proposition, and demonstration, were fairly written on a thin wafer, with ink composed of a cephalic tincture. —
这个命题和证明是用一片薄脆的酒心纸写的，使用了一种头部药剂制成的墨水。 —

This, the student was to swallow upon a fasting stomach, and for three days following, eat nothing but bread and water. —
学生需要空腹吞下这个酒心纸，并在接下来的三天里只吃面包和水。 —

As the wafer digested, the tincture mounted to his brain, bearing the proposition along with it. —
当酒心纸被消化时，药剂会进入他的大脑，带着这个命题。 —

But the success has not hitherto been answerable, partly by some error in the quantum or composition, and partly by the perverseness of lads, to whom this bolus is so nauseous, that they generally steal aside, and discharge it upwards, before it can operate; —
但是迄今为止，成功还没有完全符合预期，部分原因是量或组合中存在一些错误，另一部分是因为这个药丸让年轻人感到恶心，他们通常会偷偷旁边吐出来，还没起效； —

neither have they been yet persuaded to use so long an abstinence, as the prescription requires.
他们还没有被说服要遵循处方所要求的如此长时间的禁食。