A further account of Glubbdubdrib. Ancient and modern history corrected.
关于格拉布杜布里普的进一步说明。修正古代和现代历史。

Having a desire to see those ancients who were most renowned for wit and learning, I set apart one day on purpose. —
我渴望见到那些以机智和学问著称的古人，特意安排了一天的时间。 —

I proposed that Homer and Aristotle might appear at the head of all their commentators; —
我建议让荷马和亚里士多德作为所有评论家的领袖； —

but these were so numerous, that some hundreds were forced to attend in the court, and outward rooms of the palace. —
但这些评论家太多了，以至于数百人被迫在宫廷和外厅等待。 —

I knew, and could distinguish those two heroes, at first sight, not only from the crowd, but from each other. —
我一眼就能认出并区分这两位英雄，不仅能从人群中，还能从彼此中区分出来。 —

Homer was the taller and comelier person of the two, walked very erect for one of his age, and his eyes were the most quick and piercing I ever beheld. —
荷马是两人中更高更英俊的那个，他直立地走着，举止很老练，他的眼睛是我见过的最灵敏和敏锐的。 —

Aristotle stooped much, and made use of a staff. —
亚里士多德驼背，倚赖着一根拐杖行走。 —

His visage was meagre, his hair lank and thin, and his voice hollow. —
他的面容消瘦，头发稀疏而薄，嗓音空洞。 —

I soon discovered that both of them were perfect strangers to the rest of the company, and had never seen or heard of them before; —
我很快发现他们两人对其他人来说完全是陌生的，之前从未见过或听说过对方。 —

and I had a whisper from a ghost who shall be nameless, “that these commentators always kept in the most distant quarters from their principals, in the lower world, through a consciousness of shame and guilt, because they had so horribly misrepresented the meaning of those authors to posterity. —
我曾经听到了一个不愿透露姓名的鬼魂的耳语：“这些评论家总是与他们所代表的人物保持最遥远的距离，在下界的低级世界中，因为他们对这些作者的含义曾经有过可怕的曲解，对后世造成了误导。” —

” I introduced Didymus and Eustathius to Homer, and prevailed on him to treat them better than perhaps they deserved, for he soon found they wanted a genius to enter into the spirit of a poet. —
我向荷马介绍了狄迪默斯和尤斯塔修斯，并说服他对他们更加宽容，尽管他很快发现他们缺乏理解诗人精神的天分。 —

But Aristotle was out of all patience with the account I gave him of Scotus and Ramus, as I presented them to him; —
但亚里士多德对我对斯科特和拉姆斯的描述非常没有耐心，他问他们：“部落里的其他人是否和他们一样愚蠢？” —

and he asked them, “whether the rest of the tribe were as great dunces as themselves?”
然后我请求统治者召见笛卡尔和加森迪，我说服他们向亚里士多德解释他们的系统。

I then desired the governor to call up Descartes and Gassendi, with whom I prevailed to explain their systems to Aristotle. —
这位伟大的哲学家坦然承认自己在自然哲学方面的错误，因为他在许多事情上都是根据猜测进行的，就像所有人一样。 —

This great philosopher freely acknowledged his own mistakes in natural philosophy, because he proceeded in many things upon conjecture, as all men must do; —
因此，亚里士多德承认了自己在自然哲学上的错误，因为他在很多事情上凭直觉行事，就像所有人一样。 —

and he found that Gassendi, who had made the doctrine of Epicurus as palatable as he could, and the vortices of Descartes, were equally to be exploded. —
并且他发现，Gassendi把伊壁鸠鲁的学说弄得尽可能容易被接受，而笛卡尔的涡旋理论也同样应该被拒绝。 —

He predicted the same fate to ATTRACTION, whereof the present learned are such zealous asserters. —
他预测吸引力将遭遇相同的命运，而当今的学者们却如此热切地坚持这一理论。 —

He said, “that new systems of nature were but new fashions, which would vary in every age; —
他说：“自然的新系统只不过是时尚的新潮流，每个时代都会变化；那些声称能够从数学原理中证明它们的人也只会在短暂的时间内红极一时，当它们的真相被揭示时就会不再流行。” —

and even those, who pretend to demonstrate them from mathematical principles, would flourish but a short period of time, and be out of vogue when that was determined.”
我花了五天时间与其他古代学者交流。

I spent five days in conversing with many others of the ancient learned. —
我见到了大多数罗马帝王。我说服了州长召来赫利奥盖巴卢斯的厨师为我们做一顿晚餐，但是由于材料不足，他们无法展示出太多的技巧。 —

I saw most of the first Roman emperors. I prevailed on the governor to call up Heliogabalus’s cooks to dress us a dinner, but they could not show us much of their skill, for want of materials. —
一个亚吉士拉斯(古希腊斯巴达军人)的奴隶给我们做了一道斯巴达汤，但我吃不下第二口。 —

A helot of Agesilaus made us a dish of Spartan broth, but I was not able to get down a second spoonful.

The two gentlemen, who conducted me to the island, were pressed by their private affairs to return in three days, which I employed in seeing some of the modern dead, who had made the greatest figure, for two or three hundred years past, in our own and other countries of Europe; —
带领我到该岛的两位先生因私事而在三天内返回，我利用这三天的时间参观了一些近几百年来在我们欧洲国家和其他国家中产生最大影响的现代名人。 —

and having been always a great admirer of old illustrious families, I desired the governor would call up a dozen or two of kings, with their ancestors in order for eight or nine generations. —
作为古老名门世家的忠实崇拜者，我请求省长将十二到二十位国王以及他们祖先的照片排列起来，按照八、九代的顺序排列。 —

But my disappointment was grievous and unexpected. —
然而，我感到非常失望和意外。 —

For, instead of a long train with royal diadems, I saw in one family two fiddlers, three spruce courtiers, and an Italian prelate. —
因为，在一个家族中，我看到的不是戴皇冠的尊贵世家成员，而是两位小提琴手、三位打扮华丽的宫廷人员和一位意大利教士。 —

In another, a barber, an abbot, and two cardinals. —
在另一个家族中，是一个理发师、一位修道院院长和两位红衣主教。 —

I have too great a veneration for crowned heads, to dwell any longer on so nice a subject. —
皇室成员我非常尊敬，不愿再进一步讨论这个微妙的话题。 —

But as to counts, marquises, dukes, earls, and the like, I was not so scrupulous. —
但是，对于伯爵、侯爵、公爵、伯爵等等，我并不那么严格。 —

And I confess, it was not without some pleasure, that I found myself able to trace the particular features, by which certain families are distinguished, up to their originals. —
我不得不承认，当我能够追溯特定家族的独特特征到它们的起源时，我感到有些愉快。 —

I could plainly discover whence one family derives a long chin; —
我能清楚地看出一个家族为什么有一个很长的下巴； —

why a second has abounded with knaves for two generations, and fools for two more; —
为什么第二个家族连续两代都是恶棍，再过两代就是傻瓜； —

why a third happened to be crack-brained, and a fourth to be sharpers; —
为什么第三个家族会有疯狂的人，第四个家族会有骗子； —

whence it came, what Polydore Virgil says of a certain great house, Nec vir fortis, nec foemina casta; —
我能找到某个伟大家族的来源，就像波吕多尔·维吉尔所说的那个家族“Nec vir fortis, nec foemina casta”； —

how cruelty, falsehood, and cowardice, grew to be characteristics by which certain families are distinguished as much as by their coats of arms; —
残酷、虚伪和懦弱如何成为某些家族与他们的家徽一样的特征； —

who first brought the pox into a noble house, which has lineally descended scrofulous tumours to their posterity. —
谁首先将梅毒传入了一个贵族家庭，使他们的后代遗传了淋巴结结核瘤。 —

Neither could I wonder at all this, when I saw such an interruption of lineages, by pages, lackeys, valets, coachmen, gamesters, fiddlers, players, captains, and pickpockets.
当我看到血统被侍从、仆人、马车夫、赌徒、小提琴手、演员、船长和扒手所中断时，我对此一点也不觉得奇怪。

I was chiefly disgusted with modern history. —
我尤其对现代历史感到厌恶。 —

For having strictly examined all the persons of greatest name in the courts of princes, for a hundred years past, I found how the world had been misled by prostitute writers, to ascribe the greatest exploits in war, to cowards; —
经过严格审视过去一百年来，在王室法庭中名气最大的人物，我发现世人被娼妓式的作家所误导，将最伟大的战功归于懦夫； —

the wisest counsel, to fools; sincerity, to flatterers; —
至于最明智的决策，却归于愚蠢之徒；真诚被归于谄媚之人； —

Roman virtue, to betrayers of their country; piety, to atheists; chastity, to sodomites; —
罗马的美德，却归于背叛国家之人；虔诚被归于无神论者；贞洁被归于同性性行为者； —

truth, to informers: how many innocent and excellent persons had been condemned to death or banishment by the practising of great ministers upon the corruption of judges, and the malice of factions: —
真理却被归于告密者：由于重要大臣的腐败以及派系间的恶意，多少无辜且优秀的人被判处死刑或放逐； —

how many villains had been exalted to the highest places of trust, power, dignity, and profit: —
多少恶棍却被提拔到最高的职务、权力、尊严和利润之中； —

how great a share in the motions and events of courts, councils, and senates might be challenged by bawds, whores, pimps, parasites, and buffoons. —
淫妇、娼妓、拉皮条、马屁精和小丑在宫廷、议会和参议院的行动和事件中却拥有相当大的影响力。 —

How low an opinion I had of human wisdom and integrity, when I was truly informed of the springs and motives of great enterprises and revolutions in the world, and of the contemptible accidents to which they owed their success.
当我真正了解到世界上伟大的企业和革命的动机和动机时，我对人类的智慧和诚信产生了多么低的看法，以及那些可鄙的偶然事件使它们成功。

Here I discovered the roguery and ignorance of those who pretend to write anecdotes, or secret history; —
在这里我发现了那些自称写轶事或秘史的小人和无知； —

who send so many kings to their graves with a cup of poison; —
他们会用一杯毒药送走那么多国王； —

will repeat the discourse between a prince and chief minister, where no witness was by; —
他们会重复一位王子和首席大臣之间的对话，那里没有证人； —

unlock the thoughts and cabinets of ambassadors and secretaries of state; —
揭开大使和国务卿的思想和内阁； —

and have the perpetual misfortune to be mistaken. —
并且经常不幸被误解。 —

Here I discovered the true causes of many great events that have surprised the world; —
在这里我发现了许多令世人惊讶的伟大事件的真正原因； —

how a whore can govern the back-stairs, the back-stairs a council, and the council a senate. —
妓女如何统治暗门，暗门如何掌控内阁，内阁如何掌控参议院。 —

A general confessed, in my presence, “that he got a victory purely by the force of cowardice and ill conduct; —
一个将军亲口承认，“他完全是靠懦弱和糟糕的指挥取得了胜利”。 —

” and an admiral, “that, for want of proper intelligence, he beat the enemy, to whom he intended to betray the fleet. —
“一位海军上将表示，由于缺乏正确的情报，他击败了他打算出卖舰队的敌人。” —

” Three kings protested to me, “that in their whole reigns they never did once prefer any person of merit, unless by mistake, or treachery of some minister in whom they confided; —
“三位国王向我抗议，说在他们的整个统治期间，除非是出于错误或某个他们信任的大臣的背叛，他们从未提拔过任何有才能的人。” —

neither would they do it if they were to live again: —
“即使他们再活一次，他们也不会这么做。” —

” and they showed, with great strength of reason, “that the royal throne could not be supported without corruption, because that positive, confident, restiff temper, which virtue infused into a man, was a perpetual clog to public business.”
“他们用很强的理由解释说，王位没有腐败无法维持，因为那种由美德产生的坚定、自信、倔强的性格对公共事务构成了永久的阻碍。”

I had the curiosity to inquire in a particular manner, by what methods great numbers had procured to themselves high titles of honour, and prodigious estates; —
“我很好奇以何种方法许多人获得了高封号和惊人的财富。” —

and I confined my inquiry to a very modern period: —
“我限制了我的调查范围，只关注了一个非常现代的时期。” —

however, without grating upon present times, because I would be sure to give no offence even to foreigners (for I hope the reader need not be told, that I do not in the least intend my own country, in what I say upon this occasion,) a great number of persons concerned were called up; —
然而，不触及现在的时代，因为我绝对不想冒犯任何外国人（因为我希望读者并不需要告诉，我在这个场合所说的并不是我自己的国家），许多涉事人被召集起来； —

and, upon a very slight examination, discovered such a scene of infamy, that I cannot reflect upon it without some seriousness. —
经过一番简要调查，他们揭示了如此令人惊愕的丑恶场景，以至于我无法不认真地反思。 —

Perjury, oppression, subornation, fraud, pandarism, and the like infirmities, were among the most excusable arts they had to mention; —
伪证、压迫、唆使犯罪、欺诈、拉皮条等都是他们要提到的最可原谅的手段； —

and for these I gave, as it was reasonable, great allowance. —
对于这些，我充分给予了合理的宽容。 —

But when some confessed they owed their greatness and wealth to sodomy, or incest; —
但当一些人承认他们的地位和财富归功于同性恋或乱伦的时候； —

others, to the prostituting of their own wives and daughters; —
还有人通过卖淫自己的妻女获得财富； —

others, to the betraying of their country or their prince; some, to poisoning; —
还有人因出卖国家或君主而获利；还有人以投毒为业。 —

more to the perverting of justice, in order to destroy the innocent, I hope I may be pardoned, if these discoveries inclined me a little to abate of that profound veneration, which I am naturally apt to pay to persons of high rank, who ought to be treated with the utmost respect due to their sublime dignity, by us their inferiors.
更甚于颠倒正义，为了摧毁无辜者，希望我可以得到宽恕，如果这些发现使我稍微减少对高级人士的崇敬，我本能地会对属于他们这样崇高尊严的人们表示最大的尊重。

I had often read of some great services done to princes and states, and desired to see the persons by whom those services were performed. —
我常常读到有些人为王子和国家做出了伟大的贡献，然后渴望看到这些贡献者的人。 —

Upon inquiry I was told, “that their names were to be found on no record, except a few of them, whom history has represented as the vilest of rogues and traitors. —
经过调查，我被告知“他们的名字除了少数几个被历史描绘为最卑劣的骗子和叛徒之外，在任何记录上都找不到。” —

” As to the rest, I had never once heard of them. —
至于其他人，我从未听说过他们。 —

They all appeared with dejected looks, and in the meanest habit; —
他们都面带愁容，身穿最低微的服装； —

most of them telling me, “they died in poverty and disgrace, and the rest on a scaffold or a gibbet.”
其中大部分告诉我，“他们在贫困和耻辱中死去，其他人则在绞刑台上或绞架上。”

Among others, there was one person, whose case appeared a little singular. —
除了其他人之外，还有一个人的情况似乎有些特殊。 —

He had a youth about eighteen years old standing by his side. —
他身边站着一个大约十八岁的年轻人。 —

He told me, “he had for many years been commander of a ship; —
他告诉我：“他在一艘船上担任舰长多年了； —

and in the sea fight at Actium had the good fortune to break through the enemy’s great line of battle, sink three of their capital ships, and take a fourth, which was the sole cause of Antony’s flight, and of the victory that ensued; —
而在阿克提乌姆的海战中，他有幸突破了敌人庞大的舰队，击沉了三艘敌方的主力舰，并夺取了第四艘舰只，这才导致安东尼逃跑，从而取得了胜利； —

that the youth standing by him, his only son, was killed in the action. —
站在他身旁的这位年轻人，也就是他唯一的儿子，在战斗中牺牲了。 —

” He added, “that upon the confidence of some merit, the war being at an end, he went to Rome, and solicited at the court of Augustus to be preferred to a greater ship, whose commander had been killed; —
他又补充说：“由于一些功勋，战争结束后，他前往罗马，并在奥古斯都的宫廷中请求晋升为一艘更大的船只的舰长，而那艘船的舰长已经阵亡； —

but, without any regard to his pretensions, it was given to a boy who had never seen the sea, the son of Libertina, who waited on one of the emperor’s mistresses. —
然而，他的这些请求毫不考虑，那个船只竟然被一位从未见过海的男孩获得了，他是皇帝情妇利贝蒂娜的儿子。 —

Returning back to his own vessel, he was charged with neglect of duty, and the ship given to a favourite page of Publicola, the vice-admiral; —
回到自己的船只后，他被指控失职，那艘船只被交给了公布拉的副使者的一个宠臣。” —

whereupon he retired to a poor farm at a great distance from Rome, and there ended his life. —
然后他退居到远离罗马的一个贫瘠的农场，结束了他的生命。 —

” I was so curious to know the truth of this story, that I desired Agrippa might be called, who was admiral in that fight. —
“我对这个故事的真实性非常好奇，所以我请求召见阿格里帕，他是那场战斗中的海军上将。 —

He appeared, and confirmed the whole account: —
他出现了，并确认了整个故事。 —

but with much more advantage to the captain, whose modesty had extenuated or concealed a great part of his merit.
但对船长的功绩，他给予了更多的赞扬，因为船长谦虚地掩盖了或者减少了他的大部分功绩。

I was surprised to find corruption grown so high and so quick in that empire, by the force of luxury so lately introduced; —
我惊讶地发现，由于奢华的力量，污染在那个帝国中迅速蔓延。 —

which made me less wonder at many parallel cases in other countries, where vices of all kinds have reigned so much longer, and where the whole praise, as well as pillage, has been engrossed by the chief commander, who perhaps had the least title to either.
这让我对其他国家的很多相似情况感到不足为奇，因为那里各种恶习已经统治了更长时间，而且所有的赞美和掠夺都被那位首席指挥官垄断，而他可能没有资格得到这些。

As every person called up made exactly the same appearance he had done in the world, it gave me melancholy reflections to observe how much the race of human kind was degenerated among us within these hundred years past; —
当每个被召唤的人都以与世界上一样的形象出现时，我感到很沮丧，观察到我们人类在过去一百年中是如何堕落的。 —

how the pox, under all its consequences and denominations had altered every lineament of an English countenance; —
疱疹，以其影响和让人困惑的不同名称，已经改变了每一个英国人的面貌； —

shortened the size of bodies, unbraced the nerves, relaxed the sinews and muscles, introduced a sallow complexion, and rendered the flesh loose and rancid.
它使身体变短，神经松弛，肌肉和筋骨松弛，导致面色苍白，肌肉松弛而发臭。

I descended so low, as to desire some English yeoman of the old stamp might be summoned to appear; —
我下降至如此之低，以至于希望召唤一个老式的英国农民出庭； —

once so famous for the simplicity of their manners, diet, and dress; for justice in their dealings; —
旧时的英国农民以他们的礼貌、饮食和服饰的简朴，以及他们的正直和对公正的追求而著称； —

for their true spirit of liberty; for their valour, and love of their country. —
以他们真正的自由精神、勇气和对国家的热爱而著称。 —

Neither could I be wholly unmoved, after comparing the living with the dead, when I considered how all these pure native virtues were prostituted for a piece of money by their grand-children; —
经过与死去的人的对比，我也不由得动容，想到这些纯粹的本土美德被他们的子孙为了一点钱而出卖； —

who, in selling their votes and managing at elections, have acquired every vice and corruption that can possibly be learned in a court.
他们在出售选票和选举管理方面已经习得了从法庭学到的每一种恶习和腐败。