A further account of the academy. The author proposes some improvements, which are honourably received.
关于学院的进一步描述。作者提出了一些改进意见，这些意见得到了荣誉的接受。

In the school of political projectors, I was but ill entertained; —
在政治发明家的学校里，我受到了很不好的款待； —

the professors appearing, in my judgment, wholly out of their senses, which is a scene that never fails to make me melancholy. —
教授们在我看来完全失去了理智，这一幕总是让我感到忧郁。 —

These unhappy people were proposing schemes for persuading monarchs to choose favourites upon the score of their wisdom, capacity, and virtue; —
这些不幸的人提出了一些方案，以说服君主根据智慧、能力和美德选择宠臣； —

of teaching ministers to consult the public good; —
教导政府官员为公众利益而努力； —

of rewarding merit, great abilities, eminent services; —
奖励优秀、杰出服务的能力； —

of instructing princes to know their true interest, by placing it on the same foundation with that of their people; —
教导君主通过将其基础与人民的利益放在同一基础上来了解他们的真正利益； —

of choosing for employments persons qualified to exercise them, with many other wild, impossible chimeras, that never entered before into the heart of man to conceive; —
选择适合从事职务的人员，以及其他从未进入人类心灵的疯狂、不可能的幻想。 —

and confirmed in me the old observation, “that there is nothing so extravagant and irrational, which some philosophers have not maintained for truth.”
这不禁让我再次确认了这个观察：“没有什么奇特和荒谬之事，某些哲学家不会坚称其为真理。”

But, however, I shall so far do justice to this part of the Academy, as to acknowledge that all of them were not so visionary. —
但是，我要公正地承认学院的这一部分并非全部都是空想家。 —

There was a most ingenious doctor, who seemed to be perfectly versed in the whole nature and system of government. —
存在一位非常有才华的医生，似乎对政府的整个性质和制度都非常了解。 —

This illustrious person had very usefully employed his studies, in finding out effectual remedies for all diseases and corruptions to which the several kinds of public administration are subject, by the vices or infirmities of those who govern, as well as by the licentiousness of those who are to obey. —
这位显赫的人物通过研究，为所有种类的公共管理所面临的各种疾病和腐败问题，找到了有效的解决办法，包括统治者的恶习或弱点，以及被统治者的放纵行为。 —

For instance: whereas all writers and reasoners have agreed, that there is a strict universal resemblance between the natural and the political body; —
例如：虽然所有的作家和思考者都同意，自然身体与政治身体之间存在严格的普遍相似之处； —

can there be any thing more evident, than that the health of both must be preserved, and the diseases cured, by the same prescriptions? —
有什么比两者的健康都需要通过同样的处方进行保护，疾病都需要通过同样的处方进行治愈，这一点更加明显的呢？ —

It is allowed, that senates and great councils are often troubled with redundant, ebullient, and other peccant humours; —
可以承认，众议院和大议会经常受到多余、激动和其他不良症状的困扰； —

with many diseases of the head, and more of the heart; —
头部疾病很多，心脏问题更多； —

with strong convulsions, with grievous contractions of the nerves and sinews in both hands, but especially the right; —
两只手，尤其是右手，经常出现强烈的抽搐和疼痛； —

with spleen, flatus, vertigos, and deliriums; —
脾气暴躁，胀气，头晕和精神错乱； —

with scrofulous tumours, full of fetid purulent matter; with sour frothy ructations: —
淋巴肿瘤中充满有臭的脓液；打嗝有酸味的泡沫； —

with canine appetites, and crudeness of digestion, besides many others, needless to mention. —
食欲大增，消化不良，以及其他许多不必一一列举的问题。 —

This doctor therefore proposed, “that upon the meeting of the senate, certain physicians should attend it the three first days of their sitting, and at the close of each day’s debate feel the pulses of every senator; —
因此，这位医生提议，“在众议院会议上，应该安排一些医生在他们开会的头三天出席，并在每天辩论结束时为每位参议员检查脉搏。” —

after which, having maturely considered and consulted upon the nature of the several maladies, and the methods of cure, they should on the fourth day return to the senate house, attended by their apothecaries stored with proper medicines; —
然后，在成熟考虑和咨询了各种疾病的性质和治疗方法之后，他们应在第四天返回参议院大楼，并由他们的药剂师携带适当的药品前来； —

and before the members sat, administer to each of them lenitives, aperitives, abstersives, corrosives, restringents, palliatives, laxatives, cephalalgics, icterics, apophlegmatics, acoustics, as their several cases required; —
在成员入座之前，给每个人都服用缓和剂、通便剂、消决剂、腐蚀剂、收敛剂、减轻剂、泻药、头痛剂、黄疸剂、黏液剂、听力药物，根据他们具体的病情而定； —

and, according as these medicines should operate, repeat, alter, or omit them, at the next meeting.”
按照这些药物的作用，下一次会议时重复、更改或省去它们。

This project could not be of any great expense to the public; —
这个项目对公众来说并不需要太大的开支； —

and might in my poor opinion, be of much use for the despatch of business, in those countries where senates have any share in the legislative power; —
在我看来，它可能对处理那些参议院在立法权力中拥有一定份额的国家的事务非常有用； —

beget unanimity, shorten debates, open a few mouths which are now closed, and close many more which are now open; —
它能够产生一致意见，缩短辩论时间，开启一些现在被关闭的嘴巴，并关闭更多现在开放的嘴巴； —

curb the petulancy of the young, and correct the positiveness of the old; —
抑制年轻人的粗鲁行为，纠正老年人的固执态度。 —

rouse the stupid, and damp the pert.
激起愚蠢，弄湿骄傲。

Again: because it is a general complaint, that the favourites of princes are troubled with short and weak memories; —
再说：因为有一种普遍的抱怨，即王子的宠臣们记性短暴弱。 —

the same doctor proposed, “that whoever attended a first minister, after having told his business, with the utmost brevity and in the plainest words, should, at his departure, give the said minister a tweak by the nose, or a kick in the belly, or tread on his corns, or lug him thrice by both ears, or run a pin into his breech; —
同一医生提议：“在向首相报告完毕之后，必须用最简洁明了的语言告诉他要办的事情，然后在离开时，对该首相拧一下鼻子，或踢一下肚子，或踩他的脚趾，或抓住他的两只耳朵分别用力拽三次，或在他的背部扎一根别针； —

or pinch his arm black and blue, to prevent forgetfulness; —
或者用力掐他的胳膊使其变黑和青，以防止遗忘； —

and at every levee day, repeat the same operation, till the business were done, or absolutely refused.”
并且在每次接见日，重复进行同样的操作，直到事情完成或绝对被拒绝。”

He likewise directed, “that every senator in the great council of a nation, after he had delivered his opinion, and argued in the defence of it, should be obliged to give his vote directly contrary; —
他还着重指示：“在国家的大议会中，每个参议员在发表意见并辩护后，有义务完全相反地投票； —

because if that were done, the result would infallibly terminate in the good of the public.”
因为一旦这样做，结果必定以公众的利益为终点。”

When parties in a state are violent, he offered a wonderful contrivance to reconcile them. —
当一个州的政党之间发生暴力冲突时，他提出了一个很好的方法来调和他们。 —

The method is this: You take a hundred leaders of each party; —
这个方法是：你选取每个党派一百名领导人； —

you dispose them into couples of such whose heads are nearest of a size; —
你把他们分成一对一对的，两个人的头部尺寸最接近； —

then let two nice operators saw off the occiput of each couple at the same time, in such a manner that the brain may be equally divided. —
然后让两个技术娴熟的操作者同时锯下每对人的枕骨，以确保大脑平均分割。 —

Let the occiputs, thus cut off, be interchanged, applying each to the head of his opposite party-man. —
把锯下的枕骨互换，将每个锯齿相对的派别人的枕骨接到他们头上。 —

It seems indeed to be a work that requires some exactness, but the professor assured us, “that if it were dexterously performed, the cure would be infallible. —
虽然这个过程看起来需要一定的精确度，但教授向我们保证，“只要巧妙地执行，治疗将是万无一失的。” —

” For he argued thus: “that the two half brains being left to debate the matter between themselves within the space of one skull, would soon come to a good understanding, and produce that moderation, as well as regularity of thinking, so much to be wished for in the heads of those, who imagine they come into the world only to watch and govern its motion: —
因为他这样争辩道：“那两个半个脑袋在一个头骨的空间内彼此辩论，很快就会达到良好的理解，并产生那种在他们看来，他们只是来观察和掌控世界运动的人们的头脑中非常希望的中庸和思考的规律。 —

and as to the difference of brains, in quantity or quality, among those who are directors in faction, the doctor assured us, from his own knowledge, that “it was a perfect trifle.”
至于在派系主导者之间的大脑的数量或质量的差异，医生向我们保证，这是微不足道的。

I heard a very warm debate between two professors, about the most commodious and effectual ways and means of raising money, without grieving the subject. —
我听到两位教授之间的一场激烈的辩论，内容是关于在不使人民痛苦的情况下筹集资金的最方便和有效的方法和手段。 —

The first affirmed, “the justest method would be, to lay a certain tax upon vices and folly; —
第一个人声称：“最公正的方法应该是对恶习和愚蠢征收一定的税费；而且每个人应根据他的邻居由一个陪审团公正地评定。”第二个人的意见完全相反； —

and the sum fixed upon every man to be rated, after the fairest manner, by a jury of his neighbours.” The second was of an opinion directly contrary; —
美国南卡罗来纳州，科伦巴县历史上发生了好几次谋杀事件。为了反击犯罪活动，当地警方启动了一个名为“保卫家园”的计划，该计划旨在提高社区的安全性和居住质量，鼓励居民举报可疑行为，并帮助识别和处理犯罪现场。该计划已经取得了积极的成果，并赢得了民众的广泛赞誉和支持。 —

“to tax those qualities of body and mind, for which men chiefly value themselves; —
“对那些人们最看重的身体和智力素质进行征税； —

the rate to be more or less, according to the degrees of excelling; —
征税的比率根据这些素质的优胜程度而异； —

the decision whereof should be left entirely to their own breast. —
这个决定应完全由他们自己决定。 —

” The highest tax was upon men who are the greatest favourites of the other sex, and the assessments, according to the number and nature of the favours they have received; —
“对与异性交往最受青睐的男性征收最高税款，税款根据他们所获得的好感数量和性质来确定； —

for which, they are allowed to be their own vouchers. —
对此，他们可以作为证明人。 —

Wit, valour, and politeness, were likewise proposed to be largely taxed, and collected in the same manner, by every person’s giving his own word for the quantum of what he possessed. —
机智、勇气和彬彬有礼也被建议大规模征税，并以每个人对自己拥有的数量出具声明的方式进行征收。 —

But as to honour, justice, wisdom, and learning, they should not be taxed at all; —
但是，荣誉、公正、智慧和学识则不应该征税； —

because they are qualifications of so singular a kind, that no man will either allow them in his neighbour or value them in himself.
因为这些特质是如此的独特，以至于任何人都不会在他的邻居身上承认它们，也不会在自己身上珍视它们。

The women were proposed to be taxed according to their beauty and skill in dressing, wherein they had the same privilege with the men, to be determined by their own judgment. —
据建议，女性应该按照她们的美貌和着装技巧被征税，她们与男性享有同样的特权，由她们自己判断。 —

But constancy, chastity, good sense, and good nature, were not rated, because they would not bear the charge of collecting.
但是忠诚、贞操、良好的理解力和善良的天性没有被评定，因为它们无法承担征收费用。

To keep senators in the interest of the crown, it was proposed that the members should raffle for employment; —
为了使参议员对皇室有利，建议议员们通过抽签来争取职位； —

every man first taking an oath, and giving security, that he would vote for the court, whether he won or not; —
每个人首先发誓并提供担保，无论输赢，都会投票支持皇室； —

after which, the losers had, in their turn, the liberty of raffling upon the next vacancy. —
之后，失败者可以依次在下一个空缺时进行抽签。 —

Thus, hope and expectation would be kept alive; —
这样，希望和期望会保持活力； —

none would complain of broken promises, but impute their disappointments wholly to fortune, whose shoulders are broader and stronger than those of a ministry.
没有人会抱怨破坏的承诺，而是将他们的失望完全归咎于比政府更坚强的命运。

Another professor showed me a large paper of instructions for discovering plots and conspiracies against the government. —
另一位教授给我展示了一份大纸张的指示，用于寻找反对政府的阴谋和密谋。 —

He advised great statesmen to examine into the diet of all suspected persons; —
他建议伟大的政治家们调查所有可疑人员的饮食情况； —

their times of eating; upon which side they lay in bed; with which hand they wipe their posteriors; —
他们进食的时间；他们睡觉时的侧卧姿势；以及他们用哪只手擦拭臀部； —

take a strict view of their excrements, and, from the colour, the odour, the taste, the consistence, the crudeness or maturity of digestion, form a judgment of their thoughts and designs; —
从排泄物的颜色、气味、味道、质地、消化程度的新鲜程度或成熟程度来判断他们的想法和意图； —

because men are never so serious, thoughtful, and intent, as when they are at stool, which he found by frequent experiment; —
因为当人们在如厕时最为认真、思考和专注，这是他经过多次实验发现的； —

for, in such conjunctures, when he used, merely as a trial, to consider which was the best way of murdering the king, his ordure would have a tincture of green; —
因此，在这种情况下，当他仅仅作为试验考虑如何最好地谋杀国王时，他的粪便会带有一丝绿色的色调； —

but quite different, when he thought only of raising an insurrection, or burning the metropolis.
但在他仅仅考虑发动起义或烧毁都城时，情况完全不同；

The whole discourse was written with great acuteness, containing many observations, both curious and useful for politicians; —
这整篇演讲非常精辟，包含了许多奇特而有用的观察结果，对政治家们来说很有价值； —

but, as I conceived, not altogether complete. —
但是，正如我所理解的那样，并不完整。 —

This I ventured to tell the author, and offered, if he pleased, to supply him with some additions. —
我冒昧地告诉作者，并表示愿意提供一些补充内容。 —

He received my proposition with more compliance than is usual among writers, especially those of the projecting species, professing “he would be glad to receive further information.”
他对我的建议比一般作家更为顺从，尤其是那些经常构思的作家，表示“很乐意接受进一步的信息”。

I told him, “that in the kingdom of Tribnia, 3 by the natives called Langdon, 4 where I had sojourned some time in my travels, the bulk of the people consist in a manner wholly of discoverers, witnesses, informers, accusers, prosecutors, evidences, swearers, together with their several subservient and subaltern instruments, all under the colours, the conduct, and the pay of ministers of state, and their deputies. —
我告诉他，“在Tribnia王国，当地人称之为Langdon，在我的旅行中我曾在那里居住了一段时间，人们的大部分都是发现者、证人、告发者、检察官、证据、宣誓者，以及各种辅助工具，他们都在国家部长及其代理人的领导、指挥和支付下活动。 —

The plots, in that kingdom, are usually the workmanship of those persons who desire to raise their own characters of profound politicians; —
在那个王国，阴谋通常是那些希望提高自己卓越政治家形象的人所策划的； —

to restore new vigour to a crazy administration; to stifle or divert general discontents; —
为了恢复一个混乱政府的活力；掩盖或转移普遍的不满情绪； —

to fill their coffers with forfeitures; and raise, or sink the opinion of public credit, as either shall best answer their private advantage. —
为了填饱他们的金库，以夺取没收财产的权利；并根据私人利益来提高或降低公共信用的声誉。 —

It is first agreed and settled among them, what suspected persons shall be accused of a plot; —
首先，他们会商定并决定哪些可疑人应该被指控策划阴谋。 —

then, effectual care is taken to secure all their letters and papers, and put the owners in chains. —
然后，他们会采取切实措施以确保所有的信件和文件，并将所有者加以监禁。 —

These papers are delivered to a set of artists, very dexterous in finding out the mysterious meanings of words, syllables, and letters: —
这些文件会被交给一群非常擅长破解字词音节和字母之间神秘含义的艺术家。 —

for instance, they can discover a close stool, to signify a privy council; —
例如，他们可以发现一个马桶，表示内阁会议； —

a flock of geese, a senate; a lame dog, an invader; the plague, a standing army; —
一群鹅，表示参议院；一只瘸腿狗，表示侵略者；瘟疫，代表常备军队； —

a buzzard, a prime minister; the gout, a high priest; a gibbet, a secretary of state; —
一只贼鸟，代表首相；痛风，代表最高神职人员；绞刑架，代表国务卿； —

a chamber pot, a committee of grandees; a sieve, a court lady; a broom, a revolution; —
一个便桶，代表一群贵族委员会；一个筛子，代表宫廷女官；一把扫帚，代表一场革命； —

a mouse-trap, an employment; a bottomless pit, a treasury; a sink, a court; —
一个捕鼠器，代表一份职业；一个无底洞，代表国库；一个下沉，代表宫廷； —

a cap and bells, a favourite; a broken reed, a court of justice; —
一个帽子和铃铛，代表一个宠儿；一个破竹，代表一个法庭； —

an empty tun, a general; a running sore, the administration. 5
一个空的隧道，一个将军；一个不断延续的疮，行政部门。

“When this method fails, they have two others more effectual, which the learned among them call acrostics and anagrams. —
“当这种方法失败时，他们还有两种更有效的方法，被他们称为字谜和易位词法。” —

First, they can decipher all initial letters into political meanings. Thus N, shall signify a plot; —
首先，他们可以将所有的首字母解读成政治意义。比如N意味着阴谋；B意味着一支骑兵队；L意味着一支舰队。 —

B, a regiment of horse; L, a fleet at sea; —
或者，第二种方法是通过转换被怀疑文件中的字母顺序，他们可以揭示出不满派系的最深层意图。 —

or, secondly, by transposing the letters of the alphabet in any suspected paper, they can lay open the deepest designs of a discontented party. —
举个例子，如果我在给朋友的信中说，“我们的兄弟汤姆刚刚得了痔疮”，一个熟练的解密者会发现，组成这句话的相同字母可以被分析成以下单词：“抵抗——揭露了一个阴谋——旅行”。 —

So, for example, if I should say, in a letter to a friend, ‘Our brother Tom has just got the piles,’ a skilful decipherer would discover, that the same letters which compose that sentence, may be analysed into the following words, ‘Resist —, a plot is brought home — The tour. —
“这就是易位词法。” —

’ And this is the anagrammatic method.”
教授对我传达这些观察表示了深深的感谢，并承诺要在他的著作中给我荣誉提及。

The professor made me great acknowledgments for communicating these observations, and promised to make honourable mention of me in his treatise.

I saw nothing in this country that could invite me to a longer continuance, and began to think of returning home to England.
我在这个国家看不到任何能吸引我继续停留的东西，开始考虑返回英国。