zhòng shù guō tuó tuó zhuàn
种 树 郭 橐 驼 传
The Biography of Guo Tuotuo, the Tree Planter
táng liǔ zōng yuán
(唐) 柳 宗 元
Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty
guō tuó tuó bù zhī shǐ hé míng
郭 橐 驼 , 不 知 始 何 名 。
Guo Tuotuo, whose original name is unknown.。
bìng lǚ lóng rán fú xíng yǒu lèi tuó tuó zhě gù xiāng rén hào zhī tuó
病 偻 , 隆 然 伏 行 , 有 类 橐 驼 者 , 故 乡 人 号 之 “ 驼 ”。
Crippled with a hunchback, he walked with a stoop, resembling a camel, so his fellow villagers called him “Camel.”
tuó wén zhī yuē shèn shàn míng wǒ gù dàng
驼 闻 之 , 曰 :“ 甚 善 。 名 我 固 当 。”
Upon hearing this, the camel said, ‘Very good. The name indeed suits me.
yīn shě qí míng yì zì wèi tuó tuó yún
因 舍 其 名 , 亦 自 谓 橐 驼 云 。
Because he abandoned his name, he also called himself ‘Tuotuo’.
qí xiāng yuē fēng lè xiāng zài cháng ān xī tuó yè zhòng shù
其 乡 曰 丰 乐 乡 , 在 长 安 西 。 驼 业 种 树 ,
His hometown was called Fengle Village, located west of Chang’an. Tuotuo was engaged in planting trees.
fán cháng ān háo fù rén wéi guān yóu jí mài guǒ zhě jiē zhēng yíng qǔ yǎng
凡 长 安 豪 富 人 为 观 游 及 卖 果 者 , 皆 争 迎 取 养 。
All the wealthy and influential people in Chang’an would compete to welcome and support him for sightseeing and selling fruits.
shì tuó suǒ zhòng shù huò yí xǐ wú bù huó qiě shuò mào zǎo shí yǐ fán
视 驼 所 种 树 , 或 移 徙 , 无 不 活 , 且 硕 茂 , 早 实 以 蕃 。
They observed the trees planted by Tuotuo; whether they were transplanted or not, all survived and grew robust, bearing fruit abundantly and early.
tā zhí zhě suī kuī sì xiào mù mò néng rú yě
他 植 者 虽 窥 伺 效 慕 , 莫 能 如 也 。
Other planters, despite their efforts to observe and emulate, could not achieve the same results.
yǒu wèn zhī duì yuē tuó tuó fēi néng shǐ mù shòu qiě zī yě
有 问 之 , 对 曰 :“ 橐 驼 非 能 使 木 寿 且 孳 也 ,
When asked, he replied, “Tuotuo is not capable of making trees live longer and reproduce more,
néng shùn mù zhī tiān yǐ zhì qí xìng yān ěr
能 顺 木 之 天 , 以 致 其 性 焉 尔 。
but can follow the natural growth of the trees to fulfill their potential.
fán zhí mù zhī xìng qí běn yù shū qí péi yù píng
凡 植 木 之 性 , 其 本 欲 舒 , 其 培 欲 平 ,
In planting trees, the roots should be spread out, the soil should be leveled,
qí tǔ yù gù qí zhù yù mì
其 土 欲 故 , 其 筑 欲 密 。
the soil should be of the original quality, and the compaction should be dense.
jì rán yǐ wù dòng wù lǜ qù bù fù gù
既 然 已 , 勿 动 勿 虑 , 去 不 复 顾 。
After that, do not disturb or worry, leave and never look back again.”
qí shì yě ruò zǐ qí zhì yě ruò qì zé qí tiān zhě quán ér qí xìng dé yǐ
其 莳 也 若 子 , 其 置 也 若 弃 , 则 其 天 者 全 而 其 性 得 矣 。
Its planting is like a child, its placing is like it’s abandoned, then its heavenly nature is complete and its inherent nature is achieved.
gù wú bù hài qí zhǎng ér yǐ fēi yǒu néng shuò mào zhī yě
故 吾 不 害 其 长 而 已 , 非 有 能 硕 茂 之 也 ;
Therefore, I do not harm its growth, but rather, I do not have the ability to make it lush and thriving;
bù yì hào qí shí ér yǐ fēi yǒu néng zǎo ér fán zhī yě
不 抑 耗 其 实 而 已 , 非 有 能 早 而 蕃 之 也 。
I do not suppress or exhaust its fruits, but rather, I do not have the ability to make it bear early and abundant harvests.
tā zhí zhě zé bù rán gēn quán ér tǔ yì qí péi zhī yě
他 植 者 则 不 然 , 根 拳 而 土 易 , 其 培 之 也 ,
Other planters, however, are not like this; their roots are cramped and the soil is easily changed, and when they cultivate it,
ruò bù guò yān zé bù jí
若 不 过 焉 则 不 及 。
If they do not exceed, they will not be able to reach (the desired outcome).
gǒu yǒu néng fǎn shì zhě zé yòu ài zhī tài ēn yōu zhī tài qín
苟 有 能 反 是 者 , 则 又 爱 之 太 恩 , 忧 之 太 勤 ,
If there is someone who can do the opposite of this, then they may love it too much, worry about it too much,
dàn shì ér mù fǔ yǐ qù ér fù gù shèn zhě zhǎo qí fū yǐ yàn qí shēng kū
旦 视 而 暮 抚 , 已 去 而 复 顾 , 甚 者 爪 其 肤 以 验 其 生 枯 ,
They look at it in the morning and touch it in the evening, having left and then return to look back, even going so far as to scratch its skin to check its life or decay,
yáo qí běn yǐ guān qí shū mì ér mù zhī xìng rì yǐ lí yǐ
摇 其 本 以 观 其 疏 密 , 而 木 之 性 日 以 离 矣 。
Shake its roots to observe its density, and thus, the nature of the tree gradually departs.
suī yuē ài zhī qí shí hài zhī suī yuē yōu zhī qí shí chóu zhī
虽 曰 爱 之 , 其 实 害 之 ; 虽 曰 忧 之 , 其 实 仇 之 ,
Although they say they love it, in reality, they harm it; although they say they worry about it, in reality, they are its enemy,
gù bù wǒ ruò yě wú yòu hé néng wèi zāi
故 不 我 若 也 。 吾 又 何 能 为 哉 !”
Therefore, they are not as good as me. What can I do?”
wèn zhě yuē yǐ zǐ zhī dào yí zhī guān lǐ kě hū
问 者 曰 :“ 以 子 之 道 , 移 之 官 理 , 可 乎 ?”
The questioner asked, “Can your approach be applied to governance?”
tuó yuē wǒ zhī zhòng shù ér yǐ guān lǐ fēi wú yè yě
驼 曰 :“ 我 知 种 树 而 已 , 官 理 , 非 吾 业 也 。
Luotuo said: “I know about planting trees, but managing officials is not my profession.
rán wú jū xiāng jiàn zhǎng rén zhě hào fán qí lìng ruò shèn lián yān ér zú yǐ huò
然 吾 居 乡 , 见 长 人 者 好 烦 其 令 , 若 甚 怜 焉 , 而 卒 以 祸 。
However, I live in the village and see that the elders like to trouble their subordinates, as if they pity them, but in the end, it brings disaster.”
dàn mù lì lái ér hū yuē guān mìng cù ěr gēng xù ěr zhí dū ěr huò
旦 暮 吏 来 而 呼 曰 : ‘ 官 命 促 尔 耕 , 勖 尔 植 , 督 尔 获 ,
Day and night, the officials come and shout:
zǎo sāo ér xù zǎo zhī ér lǚ zì ér yòu hái suì ér jī tún
早 缫 而 绪 , 早 织 而 缕 , 字 而 幼 孩 , 遂 而 鸡 豚 。 ’
‘The government orders you to plow, encourages you to plant, supervises your harvest,
míng gǔ ér jù zhī jī mù ér zhào zhī wú xiǎo rén chuò sūn yōng yǐ láo lì zhě
鸣 鼓 而 聚 之 , 击 木 而 召 之 。 吾 小 人 辍 飧 饔 以 劳 吏 者 ,
Beat the drum to gather them, strike the wood to call them. We humble folks cease our meals and exert ourselves to assist the officials.
qiě bù dé xiá yòu hé yǐ fán wú shēng ér ān wú xìng yé
且 不 得 暇 , 又 何 以 蕃 吾 生 而 安 吾 性 耶 ?
And not having leisure, how can I prosper my life and settle my nature?
gù bìng qiě dài ruò shì zé yǔ wú yè zhě qí yì yǒu lèi hū
故 病 且 怠 。 若 是 , 则 与 吾 业 者 其 亦 有 类 乎 ?”
Therefore, I am sick and lazy. If this is the case, then those who share my profession must also be similar, right?
wèn zhě yuē xī bù yi shàn fū
问 者 曰 :“ 嘻 , 不 亦 善 夫 !
The questioner said, “Ha, isn’t that good!
wú wèn yǎng shù dé yǎng rén shù chuán qí shì yǐ wéi guān jiè
吾 问 养 树 , 得 养 人 术 。” 传 其 事 以 为 官 戒 。
I ask about nurturing trees, and gain the technique of nurturing people.” Pass on this story as a warning for officials.