jiàn tài zōng shí sī shū
谏 太 宗 十 思 疏
Admonishing Emperor Taizong’s Ten Reflections Memorial

táng wèi zhēng
(唐) 魏 征
(Tang) Wei Zheng

chén wén qiú mù zhī zhǎng zhě bì gù qí gēn běn
臣 闻 : 求 木 之 长 者 , 必 固 其 根 本 ;
Your servant has heard: In seeking the growth of a tree, one must strengthen its roots;

yù liú zhī yuǎn zhě bì jùn qí quán yuán
欲 流 之 远 者 , 必 浚 其 泉 源 ;
In desiring the distant flow of a river, one must deepen its source;

sī guó zhī ān zhě bì jī qí dé yì
思 国 之 安 者 , 必 积 其 德 义 。
In contemplating the peace of a nation, one must accumulate its virtue and righteousness.

yuán bù shēn ér wàng liú zhī yuǎn , gēn bù gù ér qiú mù zhī zhǎng
源 不 深 而 望 流 之 远 , 根 不 固 而 求 木 之 长 ,
A source that is not deep yet expects a distant flow, a root that is not strong yet seeks the growth of a tree,

dé bù hòu ér sī guó zhī zhì , chén suī xià yú , zhī qí bù kě
德 不 厚 而 思 国 之 治 , 臣 虽 下 愚 , 知 其 不 可 ,
Virtue and righteousness that are not abundant yet think of governing the nation well. Although I am humble and ignorant, I know it is impossible,

ér kuàng yú míng zhé hū
而 况 于 明 哲 乎 ?
How much more so for the wise and discerning?

rén jūn dāng shén qì zhī zhòng jū yù zhōng zhī dà
人 君 当 神 器 之 重 , 居 域 中 之 大 ,
How much more so for those who are wise and discerning?

jiāng chóng jí tiān zhī jùn yǒng bǎo wú jiāng zhī xiū
将 崇 极 天 之 峻 , 永 保 无 疆 之 休 。
The sovereign should bear the weight of the divine instrument, reside in the vastness of the realm,

bù niàn jū ān sī wēi jiè shē yǐ jiǎn
不 念 居 安 思 危 , 戒 奢 以 俭 ,
And elevate to the extreme height of heaven, maintaining the boundless and everlasting rest.

dé bù chǔ qí hòu qíng bù shēng qí yù
德 不 处 其 厚 , 情 不 胜 其 欲 ,
If virtue does not reside in its depth, and emotions do not overcome desires,

sī yì fá gēn yǐ qiú mù mào , sè yuán ér yù liú cháng yě
斯 亦 伐 根 以 求 木 茂 , 塞 源 而 欲 流 长 也 。
This is also like cutting down the roots to seek prosperity of trees, and blocking the source while wanting the river to flow long.

fán bǎi yuán shǒu chéng tiān jǐng mìng
凡 百 元 首 , 承 天 景 命 ,
All rulers, entrusted with the mandate of heaven,

mò bù yīn yōu ér dào zhù , gōng chéng ér dé shuāi
莫 不 殷 忧 而 道 著 , 功 成 而 德 衰 ,
Are inevitably filled with deep worries and establish their path, achieve success, yet see their virtue decline.

yǒu shàn shǐ zhě shí fán , néng kè zhōng zhě gài guǎ
有 善 始 者 实 繁 , 能 克 终 者 盖 寡 。
There are many who start well, but few who can finish well.

qǐ qí qǔ zhī yì shǒu zhī nán hū
岂 其 取 之 易 守 之 难 乎 ?
Is it because acquiring it is easy, but guarding it is difficult?

xī qǔ zhī ér yǒu yú , jīn shǒu zhī ér bù zú , hé yě
昔 取 之 而 有 余 , 今 守 之 而 不 足 , 何 也 ?
In the past, when it was acquired, there was abundance; now, when guarding it, it is insufficient. Why is that?

fú zài yīn yōu bì jié chéng yǐ dài xià , jì dé zhì zé zòng qíng yǐ ào wù
夫 在 殷 忧 必 竭 诚 以 待 下 , 既 得 志 则 纵 情 以 傲 物 ;
When in deep worry, one must exert sincere efforts to treat the subordinates well; once their aspirations are fulfilled, they indulge in emotions and become arrogant towards others.

jié chéng zé wú yuè wéi yī tǐ , ào wù zé gǔ ròu wéi xíng lù
竭 诚 则 吴 、 越 为 一 体 , 傲 物 则 骨 肉 为 行 路 。
With sincerity, Wu and Yue become united as one; with arrogance, even kin become strangers.

suī dǒng zhī yǐ yán xíng , zhèn zhī yǐ wēi nù
虽 董 之 以 严 刑 , 震 之 以 威 怒 ,
Even if strict punishments are imposed and fear and anger are used to threaten,

zhōng gǒu miǎn ér bù huái rén , mào gōng ér bù xīn fú
终 苟 免 而 不 怀 仁 , 貌 恭 而 不 心 服 。
If one is favored but does not cherish benevolence, and appears respectful but does not truly submit,

yuàn bù zài dà kě wèi wéi rén
怨 不 在 大 , 可 畏 惟 人 ;
Resentment may not lie in great matters, but it is the people that are truly formidable.

zài zhōu fù zhōu suǒ yí shēn shèn
载 舟 覆 舟 , 所 宜 深 慎 。
As a boat carries or capsizes, one should be deeply cautious.

bēn chē xiǔ suǒ qí kě hū hū
奔 车 朽 索 , 其 可 忽 乎 ?
A decaying chariot and a rotten rope, can they be neglected?

jūn rén zhě chéng néng jiàn kě yù , zé sī zhī zú yǐ zì jiè
君 人 者 , 诚 能 见 可 欲 , 则 思 知 足 以 自 戒 ;
A ruler, if able to see the desirable, should think of contentment to self-discipline;

jiāng yǒu zuò zé sī zhī zhǐ yǐ ān rén
将 有 作 , 则 思 知 止 以 安 人 ;
When there is a creation, one should think of knowing when to stop to bring peace to the people;

niàn gāo wēi zé sī qiān chōng ér zì mù
念 高 危 , 则 思 谦 冲 而 自 牧 ;
Remembering the heights and dangers, one should think of humility and self-cultivation;

jù mǎn yì zé sī jiāng hǎi xià bǎi chuān
惧 满 溢 , 则 思 江 海 下 百 川 ;
Fearing excess and overflow, one should think of rivers and seas that accept a hundred streams;

lè pán yóu zé sī sān qū yǐ wéi dù
乐 盘 游 , 则 思 三 驱 以 为 度 ;
Enjoying pleasure and leisure, one should think of the three drives as a limit;

yōu xiè dài zé sī shèn shǐ ér jìng zhōng
忧 懈 怠 , 则 思 慎 始 而 敬 终 ;
Worrying about laziness and negligence, one should think of being cautious from the beginning and respectful to the end;

lǜ yōng bì zé sī xū xīn yǐ nà xià
虑 壅 蔽 , 则 思 虚 心 以 纳 下 ;
Concerned about obstruction and concealment, one should think of being open-minded to accept the opinions of others;

jù chán xié zé sī zhèng shēn yǐ chù è
惧 谗 邪 , 则 思 正 身 以 黜 恶 ;
Fearing slander and evil, one should think of rectifying oneself to expel the wicked;

ēn suǒ jiā zé sī wú yīn xǐ yǐ miù shǎng
恩 所 加 , 则 思 无 因 喜 以 谬 赏 ;
When grace is bestowed, one should think of not favoring joy and granting unwarranted rewards;

fá suǒ jí zé sī wú yǐ nù ér làn xíng
罚 所 及 , 则 思 无 以 怒 而 滥 刑 。
When punishment is applied, one should think of not using anger to inflict excessive penalties.

zǒng cǐ shí sī hóng zī jiǔ dé jiǎn néng ér rèn zhī
总 此 十 思 , 宏 兹 九 德 ,简 能 而 任 之 ,
In summary, these ten thoughts, expand these nine virtues, select the capable and appoint them,

zé shàn ér cóng zhī , zé zhì zhě jìn qí móu , yǒng zhě jié qí lì
择 善 而 从 之 , 则 智 者 尽 其 谋 , 勇 者 竭 其 力 ,
Choose the good and follow it, then the wise will exhaust their plans, the brave will exert their strength,

rén zhě bō qí huì xìn zhě xiào qí zhōng
仁 者 播 其 惠 , 信 者 效 其 忠 ;
The benevolent will spread their kindness, and the loyal will demonstrate their devotion;

wén wǔ zhēng chí jūn chén wú shì , kě yǐ jìn yù yóu zhī lè
文 武 争 驰 , 君 臣 无 事 ,可 以 尽 豫 游 之 乐 ,
Civil and military compete in their pursuits, the ruler and ministers have no worries, and can enjoy the pleasure of leisurely tours,

kě yǐ yǎng sōng qiáo zhī shòu , míng qín chuí gǒng , bù yán ér huà
可 以 养 松 乔 之 寿 , 鸣 琴 垂 拱 , 不 言 而 化 。
Nurturing the longevity of Song Qiao, playing the zither and letting the arch descend, transforming without words.

hé bì láo shén kǔ sī , dài xià sī zhí , yì cōng míng zhī ěr mù , kuī wú wéi zhī dà dào zāi
何 必 劳 神 苦 思 , 代 下 司 职 , 役 聪 明 之 耳 目 , 亏 无 为 之 大 道 哉 ?
Why bother exhausting one’s mind and laboring in thought, taking over the duties of subordinates, employing the ears and eyes of the wise, and losing the great path of inaction?