dá sī mǎ jiàn yì shū
答 司 马 谏 议 书
Reply to the Grand Marshal’s Advisory Letter

sòng wáng ān shí
(宋) 王 安 石
(Song Dynasty) Wang Anshi

mǒu qǐ
某 启 :
Yesterday, I received your teachings, and I secretly think that it has been a long time since we have been on good terms in our interactions,

zuó rì méng jiào qiè yǐ wéi yǔ jūn shí yóu chù xiāng hǎo zhī rì jiǔ
昨 日 蒙 教 , 窃 以 为 与 君 实 游 处 相 好 之 日 久 ,
yet our discussions often disagree, due to the different techniques we employ.

ér yì shì měi bù hé suǒ cāo zhī shù duō yì gù yě
而 议 事 每 不 合 , 所 操 之 术 多 异 故 也 。
Although I wish to speak up forcefully, I will ultimately not be granted your attention,

suī yù qiáng guō zhōng bì bù méng jiàn chá
虽 欲 强 聒 , 终 必 不 蒙 见 察 ,
so I will briefly report to you and not defend myself one by one. Considering the generous treatment you have given me,

gù lüè shàng bào bù fù yī yī zì biàn chóng niàn méng jūn shí shì yù hòu
故 略 上 报 , 不 复 一 一 自 辨 。 重 念 蒙 君 实 视 遇 厚 ,
I should not act recklessly in my responses, so today I will explain my reasons,

yú fǎn fù bù yí lǔ mǎng gù jīn jù dào suǒ yǐ
于 反 复 不 宜 卤 莽 , 故 今 具 道 所 以 ,
hoping that you might forgive my actions.

jì jūn shí huò jiàn shù yě
冀 君 实 或 见 恕 也 。
The disputes among Confucian scholars mainly concern the relationship between names and realities.

gài rú zhě suǒ zhēng yóu zài míng shí
盖 儒 者 所 争 , 尤 在 名 实 ,
Once the names and realities are clarified, the principles of the world will be understood. The teachings you have given me,

míng shí yǐ míng ér tiān xià zhī lǐ dé yǐ jīn jūn shí suǒ yǐ jiàn jiào zhě
名 实 已 明 , 而 天 下 之 理 得 矣 。 今 君 实 所 以 见 教 者 ,
accusing me of encroaching on official duties, creating trouble, seeking profit, and rejecting advice,

yǐ wéi qīn guān shēng shì zhēng lì jù jiàn
以 为 侵 官 、 生 事 、 征 利 、 拒 谏 ,
leading to resentment and slander throughout the land.

yǐ zhì tiān xià yuàn bàng yě
以 致 天 下 怨 谤 也 。
I, however, believe that: receiving orders from the ruler, discussing and refining laws in the imperial court,

mǒu zé yǐ wèi shòu mìng yú rén zhǔ yì fǎ dù ér xiū zhī yú cháo tíng
某 则 以 谓 : 受 命 于 人 主 , 议 法 度 而 修 之 于 朝 廷 ,
and handing them over to the responsible officials is not encroaching on official duties; promoting the policies of ancient kings

yǐ shòu zhī yú yǒu sī bù wéi qīn guān jǔ xiān wáng zhī zhèng
以 授 之 于 有 司 , 不 为 侵 官 ; 举 先 王 之 政 ,
to create benefits and eliminate drawbacks is not creating trouble; managing the world’s finances for the benefit of all is not seeking profit;

yǐ xīng lì chú bì bù wéi shēng shì wèi tiān xià lǐ cái bù wéi zhēng lì
以 兴 利 除 弊 , 不 为 生 事 ; 为 天 下 理 财 , 不 为 征 利 ;
refuting fallacious arguments and challenging deceitful people is not rejecting advice.

bì xié shuō nán rén rén bù wéi jù jiàn
辟 邪 说 , 难 壬 人 , 不 为 拒 谏 。
As for the abundance of resentment and slander, I have long anticipated this outcome.

zhì yú yuàn fěi zhī duō zé gù qián zhī qí rú cǐ yě
至 于 怨 诽 之 多 , 则 固 前 知 其 如 此 也 。
People have been accustomed to taking shortcuts for not just one day, and many high-ranking officials

rén xí yú gǒu qiě fēi yī rì
人 习 于 苟 且 非 一 日 ,
consider not caring about state affairs and conforming to popular customs to please the masses as virtuous actions.

shì dà fū duō yǐ bù xù guó shì tóng sú zì mèi yú zhòng wéi shàn
士 大 夫 多 以 不 恤 国 事 、 同 俗 自 媚 于 众 为 善 ,
The ruler now wants to change this, but I, without considering the strength of my opponents,

shàng nǎi yù biàn cǐ ér mǒu bù liàng dí zhī zhòng guǎ
上 乃 欲 变 此 , 而 某 不 量 敌 之 众 寡 ,
wish to contribute my efforts to help the ruler resist them; how could the masses not become agitated?

yù chū lì zhù shàng yǐ kàng zhī zé zhòng hé wèi ér bù xiōng xiōng rán
欲 出 力 助 上 以 抗 之 , 则 众 何 为 而 不 汹 汹 然 ?
Wishing to exert effort to assist the leader in resisting, why then do the masses not rise up in turmoil?

pán gēng zhī qiān xū yuàn zhě mín yě fēi tè cháo tíng shì dà fū ér yǐ
盘 庚 之 迁 , 胥 怨 者 民 也 , 非 特 朝 廷 士 大 夫 而 已 。
In the migration led by Pan Geng, it was the common people who harbored grievances, not just the court officials and scholars

pán gēng bù wèi yuàn zhě gù gǎi qí dù duó yì ér hòu dòng
盘 庚 不 为 怨 者 故 改 其 度 , 度 义 而 后 动 ,
If one does not change their ways for the sake of resentment, and acts according to principles,

shì ér bù jiàn kě huǐ gù yě
是 而 不 见 可 悔 故 也 。
then there is no regret in not seeing it.

rú jūn shí zé wǒ yǐ zài wèi jiǔ wèi néng zhù shàng dà yǒu wéi
如 君 实 责 我 以 在 位 久 , 未 能 助 上 大 有 为 ,
If you, my lord, blame me for holding my position for a long time without being able to assist our superior in achieving great deeds,

yǐ gào zé sī mín zé mǒu zhī zuì yǐ
以 膏 泽 斯 民 , 则 某 知 罪 矣 ;
and for not providing the people with blessings, then I admit my guilt;

rú yuē jīn rì dāng yī qiè bù shì shì shǒu qián suǒ wéi ér yǐ
如 曰 今 日 当 一 切 不 事 事 , 守 前 所 为 而 已 ,
However, if you say that today we should abandon all affairs and merely adhere to what has been done before,

zé fēi mǒu zhī suǒ gǎn zhī
则 非 某 之 所 敢 知 。
then I dare not agree with such a notion.

wú yóu huì wù bù rèn qū qū xiàng wǎng zhī zhì
无 由 会 晤 , 不 任 区 区 向 往 之 至 。
With no opportunity to meet, I cannot help but express my heartfelt feelings towards you.