shī shuō
师 说
Teacher says

táng hán yù
(唐) 韩 愈
(Tang) Han Yu

gǔ zhī xué zhě bì yǒu shī
古 之 学 者 必 有 师 。
In ancient times, scholars must have a teacher.

shī zhě suǒ yǐ chuán dào shòu yè jiě huò yě
师 者 , 所 以 传 道 受 业 解 惑 也 。
Teachers are those who impart knowledge, teach skills, and resolve doubts.

rén fēi shēng ér zhī zhī zhě shú néng wú huò
人 非 生 而 知 之 者 , 孰 能 无 惑 ?
People are not born knowing everything; who can be without doubts?

huò ér bù cóng shī qí wéi huò yě zhōng bù jiě yǐ
惑 而 不 从 师 , 其 为 惑 也 , 终 不 解 矣 。
If one has doubts and does not seek a teacher, their doubts will never be resolved.

shēng hū wú qián , qí wén dào yě gù xiān hū wú , wú cóng ér shī zhī
生 乎 吾 前 , 其 闻 道 也 固 先 乎 吾 , 吾 从 而 师 之 ;
Those who were born before me, if they have heard the teachings earlier, I will learn from them;

shēng hū wú hòu , qí wén dào yě yì xiān hū wú , wú cóng ér shī zhī
生 乎 吾 后 , 其 闻 道 也 亦 先 乎 吾 , 吾 从 而 师 之 。
Those who were born after me, if they have heard the teachings earlier, I will learn from them as well.

wú shī dào yě , fú yōng zhī qí nián zhī xiān hòu shēng yú wú hū
吾 师 道 也 , 夫 庸 知 其 年 之 先 后 生 于 吾 乎 ?
My teacher’s doctrine, how could one know the order of his birth compared to mine?

shì gù wú guì wú jiàn wú zhǎng wú shào
是 故 无 贵 无 贱 , 无 长 无 少 ,
Thus, there is no distinction between noble and humble, no difference between old and young,

dào zhī suǒ cún shī zhī suǒ cún yě
道 之 所 存 , 师 之 所 存 也 。
Where the Dao exists, there the teacher exists as well.

jiē hū shī dào zhī bù chuán yě jiǔ yǐ
嗟 乎 ! 师 道 之 不 传 也 久 矣 !
Alas! The transmission of the teacher’s doctrine has been long lost!

yù rén zhī wú huò yě nán yǐ
欲 人 之 无 惑 也 难 矣 !
It is difficult to expect people to be without doubts!

gǔ zhī shèng rén qí chū rén yě yuǎn yǐ
古 之 圣 人 , 其 出 人 也 远 矣 ,
The ancient sages, their achievements surpassed those of ordinary people,

yóu qiě cóng shī ér wèn yān
犹 且 从 师 而 问 焉 ;
Yet they still sought teachers and asked questions;

jīn zhī zhòng rén , qí xià shèng rén yě yì yuǎn yǐ , ér chǐ xué yú shī
今 之 众 人 , 其 下 圣 人 也 亦 远 矣 , 而 耻 学 于 师 。
Nowadays, the achievements of ordinary people fall far behind those of the sages, yet they are ashamed to learn from teachers.

shì gù shèng yì shèng yú yì yú
是 故 圣 益 圣 , 愚 益 愚 。
Therefore, the wise become wiser, and the foolish become more foolish.

shèng rén zhī suǒ yǐ wéi shèng
圣 人 之 所 以 为 圣 ,
The reason why the sages are considered wise,

yú rén zhī suǒ yǐ wéi yú qí jiē chū yú cǐ hū
愚 人 之 所 以 为 愚 , 其 皆 出 于 此 乎 ?
The reason why a fool is considered foolish, could it all stem from this?

ài qí zǐ zé shī ér jiào zhī
爱 其 子 , 择 师 而 教 之 ;
Loving their child, they choose a teacher to educate them;

yú qí shēn yě zé chǐ shī yān huò yǐ
于 其 身 也 , 则 耻 师 焉 , 惑 矣 。
But for themselves, they feel ashamed to learn from a teacher, which is perplexing.

bǐ tóng zǐ zhī shī , shòu zhī shū ér xí qí jù dòu zhě
彼 童 子 之 师 , 授 之 书 而 习 其 句 读 者 ,
The teacher of a young child, who imparts books and practices reading sentences,

fēi wú suǒ wèi chuán qí dào jiě qí huò zhě yě
非 吾 所 谓 传 其 道 解 其 惑 者 也 。
Is not what I would call someone who passes on their wisdom and resolves their doubts.

jù dòu zhī bù zhī , huò zhī bù jiě , huò shī yān huò fǒu yān
句 读 之 不 知 , 惑 之 不 解 , 或 师 焉 , 或 不 焉 ,
Not knowing how to read sentences, and not resolving doubts, some learn from a teacher, some do not,

xiǎo xué ér dà yí wú wèi jiàn qí míng yě
小 学 而 大 遗 , 吾 未 见 其 明 也 。
They acquire a little knowledge but miss out on much more; I have not seen any true enlightenment in this.

wū yī yuè shī bǎi gōng zhī rén bù chǐ xiāng shī
巫 医 乐 师 百 工 之 人 , 不 耻 相 师 。
Shamans, musicians, and craftsmen do not feel ashamed to learn from each other.

shì dà fū zhī zú , yuē shī yuē dì zǐ yún zhě , zé qún jù ér xiào zhī
士 大 夫 之 族 , 曰 师 曰 弟 子 云 者 , 则 群 聚 而 笑 之 。
Yet among the gentry and officials, those who are called teachers and disciples are ridiculed when they gather.

wèn zhī zé yuē , bǐ yǔ bǐ nián xiāng ruò yě , dào xiāng sì yě
问 之 , 则 曰 :“ 彼 与 彼 年 相 若 也 , 道 相 似 也 。
When asked, they say, “They are of similar age and have similar knowledge.

wèi bēi zé zú xiū guān shèng zé jìn yú
位 卑 则 足 羞 , 官 盛 则 近 谀 。”
It is embarrassing to be inferior, and being close to a superior is like flattery.”

wū hū shī dào zhī bù fù kě zhī yǐ
呜 呼 ! 师 道 之 不 复 可 知 矣 。
Alas! The decline of the teaching profession is evident.

wū yī yuè shī bǎi gōng zhī rén
巫 医 乐 师 百 工 之 人 ,
Shamans, musicians, and craftsmen,

jūn zi bù chǐ , jīn qí zhì nǎi fǎn bù néng jí , qí kě guài yě yú
君 子 不 齿 , 今 其 智 乃 反 不 能 及 , 其 可 怪 也 欤 !
Whom the gentry do not respect, now their wisdom is unexpectedly surpassed by others; is this not strange?

shèng rén wú cháng shī
圣 人 无 常 师 。
Even sages do not have a constant teacher.

kǒng zǐ shī tán zǐ cháng hóng shī xiāng lǎo dān
孔 子 师 郯 子 、 苌 弘 、 师 襄 、 老 聃 。
Confucius learned from Tanzi, Chang Hong, Shi Xiang, and Lao Laozi.

tán zǐ zhī tú qí xián bù jí kǒng zǐ
郯 子 之 徒 , 其 贤 不 及 孔 子 。
The disciples of Tanzi were not as virtuous as Confucius.

kǒng zǐ yuē sān rén xíng zé bì yǒu wǒ shī
孔 子 曰 : 三 人 行 , 则 必 有 我 师 。
Confucius said, “When three people walk together, there must be a teacher for me.”

shì gù dì zǐ bù bì bù rú shī , shī bù bì xián yú dì zǐ
是 故 弟 子 不 必 不 如 师 , 师 不 必 贤 于 弟 子 ,
Therefore, a disciple does not necessarily have to be inferior to the teacher, nor does the teacher have to be wiser than the disciple.

wén dào yǒu xiān hòu , shù yè yǒu zhuān gōng , rú shì ér yǐ
闻 道 有 先 后 , 术 业 有 专 攻 , 如 是 而 已 。
There is a sequence in acquiring knowledge, and there are specializations in every profession, that is all there is to it.

lǐ shì zǐ pán nián shí qī hào gǔ wén
李 氏 子 蟠 , 年 十 七 , 好 古 文 ,
Li Shi Zanpan, seventeen years old, loves ancient literature.

liù yì jīng zhuàn jiē tōng xí zhī , bù jū yú shí , xué yú yú
六 艺 经 传 皆 通 习 之 , 不 拘 于 时 , 学 于 余 。
He studies all the classics and commentaries of the Six Arts without being confined to the times, learning from me.

yú jiā qí néng xíng gǔ dào , zuò shī shuō yǐ yí zhī
余 嘉 其 能 行 古 道 , 作 师 说 以 贻 之 。
I appreciate his ability to follow the ancient path and have written this essay to give to him.