The scientific method uses a series of steps to establish facts or create knowledge. The overall process is well established, but the specifics of each step may change depending on what is being examined and who is performing it. The scientific method can only answer questions that can be proven or disproven through testing.
科学方法使用一系列步骤来建立事实或创造知识。整个过程已经被很好地建立，但每个步骤的具体内容可能会因为研究对象和执行者的不同而有所改变。科学方法只能回答那些通过测试可以证明或证伪的问题。

Make an observation or ask a question. The first step is to observe something that you would like to learn about or ask a question that you would like answered. These can be specific or general. Some cuamples would be “I observe that our total available network bandwidth drops at noon every weekday”or “How can we increase our website registration numbers?” Taking the time to establish a well-defined question will help you in later steps.
进行观察或提出问题。第一步是观察你想了解的事物或提出一个想要得到答案的问题。这些问题可以是具体的或普遍的。例如，“我观察到我们的网络带宽总量每个工作日中午都会下降”或“我们如何增加网站的注册人数？”确立一个明确定义的问题将有助于后续步骤。

Gather background information.
收集背景信息。
This involves doing research into what is already known about the topic. This can also involve finding if anyone has already asked the same question.
这包括对所研究主题已知信息的调查研究。这也可以包括查看是否已经有人提出相同的问题。

Create a hypothesis.
建立假设。
A hypothesis is an explanation for the observation or question. If proven later, it can become a fact. Some examples would be “Our employees watching online videos during lunch is using our internet bandwidth”or “Our website visitors don’t see our registration form.”
假设是对观察或问题的解释。如果后来证明是正确的，它可以成为事实。一些例子包括“我们的员工在午餐时看在线视频会占用我们的互联网带宽”或“我们网站的访问者看不到我们的注册表单。”

Create a prediction and perform a test.
创建一个预测并进行测试。
Create a testable prediction based on the hypothesis. The test should establish a noticeable change that can be measured or observed using empirical analysis. It is also important to control for other variables during the test. Some examples would be “If we block video-sharing sites , our available bandwidth will not go down significantly during lunch”or “If we make our registration box bigger, a greater percentage of visions will register for our website than before the change.”
基于假设创建可测试的预测。测试应该建立可以通过经验分析进行测量或观察的显著变化。在测试过程中，还重要控制其他变量。一些例子包括“如果我们屏蔽视频分享网站，我们的可用带宽在午餐时不会显著下降”或“如果我们增大注册框的尺寸，站点的注册人数比变更前会有更多。”

Analyze the results and draw a conclusion.
分析结果并得出结论。
Use the metrics established before the test see if the results match the production. For example, “After blocking video-sharing sites, our bandwidth utilization only went down by 10% frombefore; this is not enough of a change to be the primary cause of the network congestion”or “After increasing the size of the registration box, the percent of sign-ups went from 2% of totalpage views to 5%, showing that making the box larger results in more registrations.”
使用在测试之前建立的度量标准看结果是否符合预期。例如，“在屏蔽视频分享网站后，我们的带宽利用率仅比之前下降了10%，这并不足以成为网络拥堵的主要原因”或“在增大注册框的尺寸后，注册比例从总页面浏览量的2%增加到5%，表明增大框体导致更多注册。”

Share the conclusion or decide what question to ask next Document the results of your experiment.
分享结论或决定下一个问题是什么。记录实验结果。
By sharing the results with others, you also increase the total body of knowled ge available. Your experime nt may have also led to other questions, or if your hypothesis is disproven you may need to create a new one and test that. For example,“Because user activity is not the cause of excessive bandwidth use, we now suspect that an automated process is running at noon every day.”
通过与他人分享结果，还可以增加可用信息的总体知识。你的实验也可能引发其他问题，或者如果你的假设被证伪，你可能需要创建一个新的假设并进行测试。例如，“因为用户活动并非造成带宽过度使用的原因，我们现在怀疑是每天中午有一个自动化的流程在运行。”

1. What is the important role of collecting background information?
   A. Make full preparation for the research questions.
   B. Understand the knowledge of existing research results.
   C. Provide evidence to refute the research conclusion.
   D. Encourage researchers to reflect deeply on their work.
   答案：B

2. In which case would it be necessary to create a new hypothesis for retesting?
   A. The research hypothesis has been fully proved.
   B. The research result s lead to other related issues.
   C. The scope of test data needs to be expanded again.
   D. The background investigation is not objective enough.
   答案：B

3. What can we imfer from this passage?
   A. Creating a question will help you in the following step.
   B. Collecting information includes research on an unknown subject.
   C. The test should establish a change that cannot be measured easily.
   D. You may need to create a new hypothesis if the old one is overtained.
   答案：D