Is there a link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, struck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.
人类和气候变化之间是否存在联系？这个问题最早在20世纪初就开始研究了。从那时起，许多科学家认为我们的行为确实会产生影响。1997年，《京都议定书》解释了我们在地球大气变化中的作用，并为2008年至2012年的气体排放设定了国际限制。一些国家决定将这些减排持续到2020年。最近，近200个国家达成的《巴黎协定》也旨在限制全球变暖。但究竟会升温多少，取决于各国减少碳排放的深度。
3.5℃
3.5℃
This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions;this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.
即使各国履行巴黎协定最初减少碳排放的承诺，到2100年，气温仍将上升这么多；这种升温仍可能导致沿海城市被淹没，超过一半的物种灭绝。
2℃
2℃
To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worsen drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.
为了达到这个最低目标，《巴黎协定》要求各国每五年收紧排放目标。即使这样的升温也可能导致一些岛屿沉没，加剧干旱，并导致物种数量下降多达三分之一。
1.5℃
1.5℃
This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.
这是《巴黎协定》设定的最雄心勃勃的升温目标，这是由像基里巴斯这样的低洼岛国推动的，他们认为将升温限制在1.5℃可以拯救他们免于沉没。
⋯⋯0.8℃
⋯⋯0.8℃
This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.
自工业时代开始以来，气温已经上升了这么多，使我们离2℃的目标已经达到了40%。
0℃
0℃
The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.
这里的基线是工业时代开始前的平均全球气温。

1. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _.
   A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020
   B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries
   C. the Paris Agreement is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol
   D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming
   答案：D

2. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?
   A. The human population would increase by one third.
   B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.
   C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.
   D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.
   答案：D

3. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be _.
   A.0.8℃ B.1.5℃
   C.2℃ D.3.5℃
   答案：B