Why College Is Not Home
为什么大学不是家

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
大学时代本应是自主性和成人身份发展的重要时期。然而，现在它们正成为延长的青春期，许多当代学生在此期间并未承担成人责任。

For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
对于前几代人来说，大学是从父母控制下的明确突破；指导和支持需要来自同龄人和内在的帮助。然而在过去二十年里，由于手机、电子邮件和社交媒体的普及，与家庭的持续联系和依赖显著增加。一些父母甚至帮助完成课程作业。大学本应推广从家庭庇护到自主和成人责任的过渡理念，但它们却屈服于提供与家庭相同环境的想法。

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself bothe intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.
为了准备增强自主性和责任感，大学需要成为探索和实验的时期。这个过程涉及在智力和个人层面上“尝试”新的自我思考方式。虽然我们应该在大学内提供“安全空间”，但我们也必须确保表达意见和挑战多数观点的安全性。智力成长和灵活性是通过辩论和质疑来培养的。

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
学会应对社会世界同样重要。因为大学群体与家庭不同，许多学生会努力寻找归属感。如果学生依赖管理者来规范他们的社交行为和思维模式，他们就没有面对在更大、更复杂的群体中寻找身份的挑战。

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
此外，大学监控和塑造学生行为的趋势与年轻人的另一个特点相冲突：对长辈控制的反应。如果可接受的社交行为被过于严格地定义和控制，管理者试图最小化的不敏感或攻击性行为实际上可能被鼓励。

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
年轻人很可能会爆发出来，尤其是当有理由这样做时，这并不令人惊讶。我们这一代人曾经在国家紧急时刻携手并坚定立场。今天所缺乏的是青少年对自主的渴望与他们对不安全世界的理解之间的冲突。因此，他们希望他们的宿舍是替代家庭的地方，而不是体验智力成长的场所。

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
每所大学关于社区价值观、社会氛围和行为的讨论都应该包括认识到学生自主性和自我调节的发展重要性，以及安全与自我发现之间必要的紧张关系。

1. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
   A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving
   C.Supportive D.Neutral
   答案：B

2. The underlined word “passage” in Paraghaph 2 means .
   A.change B.choice
   C.text D.extension
   答案：A

3. According to the anthor ,what role should college play?
   A.to develop a shared identity among students
   B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior
   C.To provide a safe world without tension for students
   D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development
   答案：D

4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
   
   答案：C