rén zhī chū,xìng běn shàn,xìng xiāng jìn,xí xiāng yuǎn;
1,人之初,性本善,性相近,习相远;
At the beginning of life, human nature is inherently good; natures are similar, but habits grow apart;
人在出生时,天性都是善良的,天性相似,但随着成长过程中养成的习惯和环境的影响,人与人之间的差异逐渐变大。
gǒu bú jiào,xìng nǎi qiān,jiào zhī dào,guì yǐ zhuān;
2,苟不教,性乃迁,教之道,贵以专;
If not educated, one’s nature will change; the way of education values specialization;
如果不好好教育,人的本性就会改变;教育的方法,最重要的是专注。
xī mèng mǔ,zé lín chǔ,zǐ bù xué,duàn jī zhù;
3,昔孟母,择邻处,子不学,断机杼;
In ancient times, Mencius’ mother chose her neighbors wisely; when her child did not study, she broke the loom;
从前,孟母为了给孩子一个良好的成长环境,特意选择了一个邻居。当孩子不好好学习时,孟母就剪断了织布机上的线,
dòu yān shān,yǒu yì fāng,jiāo wǔ zǐ,míng jù yáng;
4,窦燕山,有义方,教五子,名俱扬;
Douyanshan has a righteous method; teaching five children, their names all became renowned;
窦燕山这个人很讲究道义和方法,他教育的五个孩子都很有出息,名声都很好。
yǎng bú jiào,fù zhī guò,jiào bù yán,shī zhī duò;
5,养不教,父之过,教不严,师之惰;
If a child is not educated, it is the father’s fault; if teaching is not strict, it is the teacher’s laziness;
父母如果不教育孩子,是父母的失误;老师如果教育不严格,是老师的懒惰。
zǐ bù xué,fēi suǒ yí,yòu bù xué,lǎo hé wéi;
6,子不学,非所宜,幼不学,老何为;
It is not proper for a child not to study; if not learning in youth, what will one do in old age;
孩子不学习,是不应该的;小时候不学习,长大后能做什么呢?
yù bù zhuó,bù chéng qì,rén bù xué,bù zhī yì;
7,玉不琢,不成器,人不学,不知义;
Jade, if not carved, will not become a fine piece; a person, if not learning, will not understand righteousness;
玉石如果不经过雕琢,就不能成为精美的器物;人如果不学习,就无法明白道理和正义。
wéi rén zǐ,fāng shào shí,qīn shī yǒu,xí lǐ yí;
8,为人子,方少时,亲师友,习礼仪;
As a child, one should be close to teachers and friends, learning etiquette;
作为孩子,年纪还小的时候,要亲近老师和朋友,学习礼仪和规矩。
xiāng jiǔ líng,néng wēn xí,xiào yú qīn,suǒ dāng zhí;
9,香九龄,能温席,孝于亲,所当执;
At the age of nine, Xiang was able to warm the bed; filial piety to one’s parents is what should be upheld.
黄香九岁的时候,就能够温暖床铺,孝顺父母,这是我们应该学习的。
róng sì suì,néng ràng lí,dì yú zhǎng,yí xiān zhī;
10,融四岁,能让梨,弟于长,宜先知;
At the age of four, Rong was able to yield pears to his elder brother, which should be known beforehand;
孔融四岁时,就懂得让梨给哥哥,作为弟弟应该尊敬年长的兄长,这是从小就应该知道的道理。
解释:这句话出自《三国志·蜀书·孔融传》,讲述了孔融小时候的一个故事。孔融是东汉末年的文学家、政治家,他四岁时与兄弟分梨吃,主动选择了最小的一个,表示尊敬年长的兄长。这个故事成为了中国传统文化中尊老爱幼、兄弟友爱的典故。
shǒu xiào tì,cì jiàn wén,zhī mǒu shù,shí mǒu wén;
11,首孝弟,次见闻,知某数,识某文;
First comes filial piety and respect for siblings, followed by knowledge of certain numbers and understanding of certain texts;
首先孝顺父母,敬爱兄弟姐妹,然后学习知识,了解各种文化。
yī ér shí,shí ér bǎi,bǎi ér qiān,qiān ér wàn;
12,一而十,十而百,百而千,千而万;
One to ten, ten to a hundred, a hundred to a thousand, a thousand to ten thousand;
一变十,十变百,百变千,千变万。
解释:这句话出自《荀子·劝学》,意思是从一变到十,从十变到百,从百变到千,从千变到万。这句话表达了事物发展和变化的过程,强调了学习和积累的重要性。
sān cái zhě,tiān dì rén,sān guāng zhě,rì yuè xīng;
13,三才者,天地人,三光者,日月星;
The Three Talents are heaven, earth, and man, and the Three Lights are the sun, moon, and stars;
三才指的是天、地和人,三光指的是太阳、月亮和星星。
解释:这里的三才代表了宇宙中的三个基本要素,即天(天空、气象等自然现象)、地(地球、地理特征等)和人(人类及其他生物)。三光则是指照亮宇宙的三个主要光源,即日(太阳)、月(月亮)和星(星星)。这句话强调了自然界中天地人和日月星的重要性。
sān gāng zhě,jūn chén yì,fù zǐ qīn,fū fù shùn;
14,三纲者,君臣义,父子亲,夫妇顺;
The Three Principles are the righteousness between ruler and subject, the affection between father and son, and the harmony between husband and wife;
三纲是指:君主和臣子之间要有适当的义务关系,父亲和儿子之间要有亲密的感情,夫妻之间要和睦相处。
解释:三纲是中国传统文化中儒家伦理道德的基本原则,强调了社会中不同角色间的关系和义务。
yuē chūn xià,yuē qiū dōng,cǐ sì shí,yùn bù qióng;
15,曰春夏,曰秋冬,此四时,运不穷;
There are spring and summer, and autumn and winter; these four seasons are in constant change;
春夏秋冬,这四个季节,不断地循环运行。
yuē nán běi,yuē xī dōng,cǐ sì fāng,yìng hū zhōng;
16,曰南北,曰西东,此四方,应乎中;
There are north and south, and west and east; these four directions correspond to the center;
南北和西东,这四个方向,都围绕着中心。
yuē shuǐ huǒ,mù jīn tǔ,cǐ wǔ xíng,běn hū shù;
17,曰水火,木金土,此五行,本乎数;
The Five Elements are water, fire, wood, metal, and earth, which are based on numbers;
水、火、木、金、土,这五种元素,都是基于数学的原理。
yuē rén yì,lǐ zhì xìn,cǐ wǔ cháng,bù róng wěn;
18,曰仁义,礼智信,此五常,不容紊;
The Five Constants are benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faithfulness; they must not be disordered.
仁爱、义气、礼节、智慧和诚信,这五个原则非常重要,不能混乱。
dào liáng shū,mài shǔ jì,cǐ liù gǔ,rén suǒ shí;
19,稻粱菽,麦黍稷,此六谷,人所食;
Rice, millet, and soybeans, wheat, sorghum, and glutinous millet, these six grains are what people eat;
稻子、高粱、豆子、麦子、黍子和稷子,这六种谷物是人们所食用的。
解释:这句话列举了古代中国的六种主要粮食作物,分别是稻子(大米)、高粱、豆子、麦子(小麦)、黍子(一种类似小米的谷物)和稷子(一种古代重要的粮食作物)。这些谷物是古代人们的主要食物来源。
mǎ niú yáng,jī quǎn shǐ,cǐ liù chù,rén suǒ sì;
20,马牛羊,鸡犬豕,此六畜,人所饲;
Horses, cattle, sheep, chickens, dogs, and pigs, these six domestic animals are what people raise;
马、牛、羊、鸡、狗、猪,这六种动物,是人们饲养的。
解释:讲述了古代中国常见的六种家畜。这些动物在古代农业社会中具有重要的地位,为人们的生活提供了很多帮助。马和牛可用于耕作和运输,羊提供毛、肉和奶,鸡、狗和猪则提供肉食和蛋。
yuē xǐ nù,yuē āi jù,ài wù yù,qī qíng jù;
21,曰喜怒,曰哀惧,爱恶欲,七情具;
Joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love, hatred, and desire, these seven emotions are present in everyone;
喜悦、愤怒、悲伤、恐惧、喜爱、厌恶和欲望,这七种情感都具备了。
páo tǔ gé,mù shí jīn,sī yǔ zhú,nǎi bā yīn;
22,匏土革,木石金,丝与竹,乃八音;
Gourds, clay, leather, wood, stone, metal, silk, and bamboo, these are the eight musical instruments;
葫芦、泥土、皮革、木头、石头、金属、丝线和竹子,这八种材料可以发出不同的音色。
解释:这里的“八音”指的是中国古代音乐中的八种不同音色的乐器。
gāo zēng zǔ,fù ér shēn,shēn ér zǐ,zǐ ér sūn;
23,高曾祖,父而身,身而子,子而孙;
High ancestors, great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, and oneself, then children and grandchildren;
高祖父、曾祖父、父亲、自己、儿子、孙子。这里描述的是家族五代人的亲属关系。
zì zǐ sūn,zhì xuán zēng,nǎi jiǔ zú,rén zhī lún;
24,自子孙,至玄曾,乃九族,人之伦;
From one’s children and grandchildren to great-great-grandchildren, these nine generations are the human relationships;
子孙后代,直到玄孙和曾孙,共有九代人,这是人与人之间的亲属关系。
fù zǐ ēn,fū fù cóng,xiōng zé yǒu,dì zé gōng;
25,父子恩,夫妇从,兄则友,弟则恭;
Paternal love, marital harmony, fraternal friendship, and respectful younger siblings;
父亲和儿子之间要有亲情,夫妻之间要相互扶持,兄弟之间要友好相处,年长和年幼的兄弟姐妹之间要互相尊敬。
解释:这句话主要强调了家庭成员之间应该保持和谐的关系。
zhǎng yòu xù,yǒu yǔ péng,jūn zé jìng,chén zé zhōng;
26,长幼序,友与朋,君则敬,臣则忠;
Order of seniority and juniority, friends and peers, respect for the ruler, and loyalty to the subject;
尊老爱幼,朋友之间要友好相处,对待君主要尊敬,做臣子的要忠诚。
cǐ shí yì,rén suǒ tóng;
27,此十义,人所同;
These ten virtues are shared by all people;
这十种义务是每个人都相同的。
fán xùn méng,xū jiǎng jiū,xiáng xùn gǔ,míng jù dòu;
28,凡训蒙,须讲究,详训诂,明句读;
In teaching the young, one must pay attention to details, explain meanings, and clarify sentence structure.
教导孩子时,要认真讲解,详细解释,让孩子明白句子的意思。
wéi xué zhě,bì yǒu chū,xiǎo xué zhōng,zhì sì shū;
29,为学者,必有初,小学终,至四书;
For a scholar, there must be a beginning, starting with elementary school and ending with the Four Books;
作为学习的人,一定要从基础开始,先学小学的知识,然后逐渐学到四书。
解释:这句话强调了学习要按照一定的顺序和阶段性进行,从基础知识开始,逐步深入学习。”小学”指的是古代的基础教育,包括识字、书写、算术等。”四书”是指《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》,是儒家经典著作,具有很高的文化价值。
lún yǔ zhě,èr shí piān,qún dì zǐ,jì shàn yán;
30,论语者,二十篇,群弟子,记善言;
The Analects, twenty chapters, recorded by the disciples, capturing the good words;
论语这本书共有二十篇,是孔子的弟子们记录下他的善言和教诲的。
mèng zǐ zhě,qī piān zhǐ,jiǎng dào dé,shuō rén yì;
31,孟子者,七篇止,讲道德,说仁义;
Mencius, seven chapters in total, discussing morality, speaking of benevolence and righteousness;
孟子这本书共有七篇,主要讲述道德观念,强调仁爱和正义。
zuò zhōng yōng,zǐ sī bǐ,zhōng bù piān,yōng bù yì;
32,作中庸,子思笔,中不偏,庸不易;
The Doctrine of the Mean, written by Zisi, neither biased nor difficult;
创作中庸之道的文章,子思用笔,保持中立不偏颇,庸俗也不易。
zuò dà xué,nǎi zēng zǐ,zì xiū qí,zhì píng zhì;
33,作大学,乃曾子,自修齐,至平治;
The Great Learning, by Zengzi, from self-cultivation to world governance;
建立大学,是曾子的主张,通过自我修养和整顿,达到国家治理的平和稳定。
xiào jīng tōng,sì shū shú,rú liù jīng,shǐ kě dú;
34,孝经通,四书熟,如六经,始可读;
The Classic of Filial Piety, master the Four Books, like the Six Classics, only then can one read;
孝经和四书都熟练掌握后,才能开始阅读六经。
解释:孝经:儒家经典之一,主要讲述孝道;四书:指《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》,是儒家基本经典;六经:指《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》和《乐经》,是古代儒家最重要的经典。
shī shū yì,lǐ chūn qiū,hào liù jīng,dāng jiǎng qiú;
35,诗书易,礼春秋,号六经,当讲求;
The Book of Poetry, the Book of Documents, the I Ching, and the Spring and Autumn Annals, known as the Six Classics, should be studied;
诗书易礼春秋,这六本书是经典,我们要认真学习研究。
解释:这里提到的六经是中国古代的经典著作,包括《诗经》、《尚书》、《易经》、《礼记》、《春秋》和《周礼》。这些书籍被认为是古代文化的精髓,对于学习古代文化和历史具有重要意义。
yǒu lián shān,yǒu guī cáng,yǒu zhōu yì,sān yì xiáng;
36,有连山,有归藏,有周易,三易详;
There are the Lianshan, the Guizang, and the Zhouyi, the three Yi in detail;
有《连山易》,有《归藏易》,有《周易》,这三部易经都非常详尽。
解释:这里提到了三部古老的易经,分别是《连山易》、《归藏易》和《周易》。这三部易经都是古代中国哲学、预测和智慧的代表,被认为是非常详尽的著作。
yǒu diǎn mó,yǒu xùn gào,yǒu shì mìng,shū zhī ào;
37,有典谟,有训诰,有誓命,书之奥;
There are the classics, the admonitions, the decrees, and the oaths, the mysteries of the Book.
有经典、有教诲、有誓言,这些都是书中深奥的内容。
wǒ zhōu gōng,zuò zhōu lǐ,zhù liù guān,cún zhì tǐ;
38,我周公,作周礼,著六官,存治体;
My Duke of Zhou, composed the Rites of Zhou, established the Six Officials, preserving the governance system;
我制定了周朝的礼仪制度,创立了六个政府部门,保持了国家的治理体系。
dà xiǎo dài,zhù lǐ jì,shù shèng yán,lǐ yuè bèi;
39,大小戴,注礼记,述圣言,礼乐备;
Dai De and Dai Sheng, annotated the Book of Rites, described the sage’s words, with complete rites and music;
大戴和小戴这两位儒家学者为《礼记》做注解,阐述圣人的教诲,使礼和乐的制度更加完备。
解释:大小戴:指的是古代两位著名的儒家学者,大戴德和戴圣,他们都是研究《礼记》的专家。
注礼记:为《礼记》做注解,解释其中的道理和意义。
述圣言:阐述圣人的言论和教诲。
礼乐备:礼和乐的制度完备。
yuē guó fēng,yuē yǎ sòng,hào sì shī,dāng fěng yǒng;
40,曰国风,曰雅颂,号四诗,当讽咏;
Called “Guofeng,” “Ya,” and “Song,” these Four Poems should be recited;
国风、雅颂是《诗经》中的四个部分,我们应该通过讽咏的方式来欣赏和学习它们。
shī jì wáng,chūn qiū zuò,yù bāo biǎn,bié shàn è;
41,诗既亡,春秋作,寓褒贬,别善恶;
After the loss of poetry, the Spring and Autumn Annals were written, implying praise and criticism, distinguishing good and evil;
诗歌消亡后,《春秋》这部作品诞生了,通过文字来表达赞美和批评,区分善恶。
sān zhuàn zhě,yǒu gōng yáng,yǒu zuǒ shì,yǒu gǔ liáng;
42,三传者,有公羊,有左氏,有谷梁;
The three commentaries are the Gongyang, Zuo, and Guliang;
三种传记,分别是《公羊传》、《左氏传》和《谷梁传》。
jīng jì míng,fāng dú zǐ,cuō qí yào,jì qí shì;
43,经既明,方读子,撮其要,记其事;
After understanding the classics, one should read the works of various philosophers, summarizing their key points and recording their events;
先理解经典,然后再读其他书籍,从中提炼要点,记住重要事件。
wǔ zǐ zhě,yǒu xún yáng,wén zhōng zǐ,jí lǎo zhuāng;
44,五子者,有荀扬,文中子,及老庄;
The Five Masters include Xunzi, Yang Zhu, Zhongzi, and Laozi and Zhuangzi;
五子指的是荀子、扬子、文中子、老子和庄子。
jīng zǐ tōng,dú zhū shǐ,kǎo shì xì,zhī zhōng shǐ;
45,经子通,读诸史,考世系,知终始;
After mastering the classics and the works of philosophers, read various historical records, examine the genealogies, and understand the origins and endings;
学习经典,阅读各种史书,研究家族世系,了解历史的发展脉络。
zì xī nóng,zhì huáng dì,hào sān huáng,jū shàng shì;
46,自羲农,至黄帝,号三皇,居上世;
From Fuxi and Shennong to the Yellow Emperor, known as the Three Sovereigns, they lived in the ancient times;
自从伏羲和神农,直到黄帝,他们被称为三皇,生活在远古时代。
táng yǒu yú,hào èr dì,xiāng yī xùn,chēng shèng shì;
47,唐有虞,号二帝,相揖逊,称盛世;
In the Tang dynasty, there were two emperors, Yao and Shun, who were known for their modesty and harmony, marking a golden age.
唐朝有虞世南和唐太宗李世民两位皇帝,他们互相谦让,共同治理国家,使得这个时期被称为盛世。
xià yǒu yǔ,shāng yǒu tāng,zhōu wén wǔ,chēng sān wáng;
48,夏有禹,商有汤,周文武,称三王;
In the Xia dynasty, there was Yu, in the Shang dynasty, there was Tang, and in the Zhou dynasty, there were King Wen and King Wu, collectively known as the Three Kings.
夏朝有大禹,商朝有商汤,周朝有周文王和周武王,他们被称为三位伟大的君王。
解释:这里的“三王”指的是中国历史上三位著名的君主,分别是夏朝的大禹、商朝的商汤和周朝的周文王、周武王。这三位君王都以贤明和治国能力著称,被后世尊为典范。
xià chuán zǐ,jiā tiān xià,sì bǎi zǎi,qiān xià shè;
49,夏传子,家天下,四百载,迁夏社;
The Xia dynasty was passed down through the family, lasting for 400 years until the society was relocated.
夏朝传位给子孙,成为家族统治的国家,持续了四百多年,最后被推翻,夏朝灭亡。
tāng fá xià,guó hào shāng,liù bǎi zǎi,zhì zhòu wáng;
50,汤伐夏,国号商,六百载,至纣亡;
Tang of Shang overthrew the Xia dynasty and established the Shang dynasty, which lasted for 600 years until the death of King Zhou.
汤攻打了夏朝,建立了商朝,持续了六百年,直到纣王死去。
解释:这句话描述了商朝的建立和灭亡。汤是商朝的创立者,他推翻了夏朝,建立了商朝。商朝持续了约六百年,直到最后一个君主纣王死去,商朝灭亡。纣王是商朝的暴君,他的残暴统治导致了商朝的衰败和最终灭亡。
zhōu wǔ wáng,shǐ zhū zhòu,bā bǎi zǎi,zuì cháng jiǔ;
51,周武王,始诛纣,八百载,最长久;
King Wu of Zhou began the punishment of King Zhou, and the Zhou dynasty lasted for 800 years, the longest of all.
周武王打败了暴君纣王,建立了周朝,持续了八百年,是历史上最长久的一个朝代。
解释:周武王是周朝的创立者,他推翻了商朝的暴君纣王,建立了周朝。周朝分为西周和东周两个时期,共持续了约八百年,是中国历史上存在时间最长的一个朝代。
zhōu zhé dōng,wáng gāng zhuì,chěng gān gē,shàng yóu shuì;
52,周辙东,王纲坠,逞干戈,尚游说;
When the Zhou dynasty moved eastward, the royal authority declined, leading to warfare and the rise of persuasive diplomacy.
周朝衰落,王权丧失,战争频繁,还盛行游说。
shǐ chūn qiū,zhōng zhàn guó,wǔ bà qiáng,qī xióng chū;
53,始春秋,终战国,五霸强,七雄出;
The Spring and Autumn period began and the Warring States period ended, with five hegemons emerging and seven powerful states appearing.
从春秋时期开始,直到战国时期结束,五个霸主相继崛起,七个强国相继出现。
解释:这句话描述了春秋战国时期的政治格局。春秋五霸是指春秋时期五个强大的国家及其君主,分别是齐桓公、晋文公、秦穆公、楚庄王和宋襄公。战国七雄是指战国时期七个强大的国家,分别是齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏和秦。这句话概括了春秋战国时期的历史变迁和国家之间的竞争。
yíng qín shì,shǐ jiān bìng,chuán èr shì,chǔ hàn zhēng;
54,嬴秦氏,始兼并,传二世,楚汉争;
The Qin dynasty, under the rule of Emperor Ying Zheng, started the process of unification, but only lasted for two generations before the Chu-Han Contention.
秦朝统一六国,只传了两代,后来楚汉两国争夺天下。
解释:这句话描述了秦朝的历史。秦朝(公元前221年-公元前206年)是中国历史上第一个统一的封建王朝,由秦始皇嬴政建立。秦朝在统一六国后,只传了两代,分别是秦始皇和秦二世。后来,楚国的项羽和汉国的刘邦为争夺天下,展开了长达四年的楚汉之争。最终,汉国的刘邦取得胜利,建立了汉朝。
gāo zǔ xīng,hàn yè jiàn,zhì xiào píng,wáng mǎng cuàn;
55,高祖兴,汉业建,至孝平,王莽篡;
Emperor Gaozu of Han founded the Han dynasty, which lasted until Emperor Xiaoping, when Wang Mang usurped the throne.
刘邦兴起,建立了汉朝的基业,到了孝平时期,王莽篡夺了皇位。
解释:这句话描述了汉朝的历史。刘邦(高祖)是汉朝的创立者,他在秦朝灭亡后建立了汉朝。孝平是汉平帝的年号,王莽是西汉末年的一位权臣,他篡夺了汉朝的皇位,建立了新朝。
guāng wǔ xīng,wéi dōng hàn,sì bǎi nián,zhōng yú xiàn;
56,光武兴,为东汉,四百年,终于献;
Guangwu’s rise established the Eastern Han Dynasty, lasting four hundred years, finally ending with Emperor Xian;
光武帝建立了东汉,持续了四百多年,最后以汉献帝的退位结束。
wèi shǔ wú,zhēng hàn dǐng,hào sān guó,qì liǎng jìn;
57,魏蜀吴,争汉鼎,号三国,迄两晋;
Wei, Shu, and Wu contended for the Han Dynasty’s throne, known as the Three Kingdoms, lasting until the Jin Dynasty;
魏国、蜀国和吴国争夺汉朝的统治地位,形成了三国鼎立的局面,直到后来的西晋和东晋时期。
sòng qí jì,liáng chén chéng,wéi nán cháo,dū jīn líng;
58,宋齐继,梁陈承,为南朝,都金陵;
Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen succeeded, forming the Southern Dynasties, with their capitals at Jinling;
南朝的宋、齐、梁、陈四个朝代相继传承,它们的都城都设在金陵(现在的南京)。
běi yuán wèi,fēn dōng xī,yǔ wén zhōu,yǔ gāo qí;
59,北元魏,分东西,宇文周,与高齐;
Northern Wei divided into Eastern and Western Wei, followed by the宇文周 (Northern Zhou) and 高齐 (Qi) dynasties;
北魏朝分成了东魏和西魏,宇文家族建立了北周,高欢家族建立了北齐。
解释:这句话描述了中国历史上北魏朝分裂成东魏和西魏的过程,以及随后出现的两个政权:北周(由宇文家族建立)和北齐(由高欢家族建立)。
dài zhì suí,yī tǔ yǔ,bù zài chuán,shī tǒng xù;
60,迨至隋,一土宇,不再传,失统绪;
The Sui Dynasty unified the land, but its rule did not continue, losing its hereditary line;
隋朝统一了国土,但很快灭亡,失去了统治的传承。
táng gāo zǔ,qǐ yì shī,chú suí luàn,chuàng guó jī;
61,唐高祖,起义师,除隋乱,创国基;
Emperor Gaozu of Tang raised a righteous army, eliminated the chaos of the Sui Dynasty, and founded the national foundation;
唐高祖起兵反抗,消灭了隋朝的混乱,建立了国家的基础。
解释:唐高祖(李渊)是唐朝的创立者,他起兵反抗隋朝的统治,推翻了隋朝的暴政,为唐朝的建立奠定了基础。
èr shí chuán,sān bǎi zǎi,liáng miè zhī,guó nǎi gǎi;
62,二十传,三百载,梁灭之,国乃改;
After twenty emperors and three hundred years, the Tang Dynasty was replaced by the Liang Dynasty, and the nation changed;
经过二十位皇帝,历时三百年,梁朝灭亡,国家随之改变。
解释:这句话描述了一个朝代更迭的过程。二十传指的是这个朝代共有二十位皇帝,三百载表示这个朝代存在了三百年。梁灭之表示梁朝灭亡,国乃改则意味着国家的政治格局和统治阶层发生了改变。
liáng táng jìn,jí hàn zhōu,chēng wǔ dài,jiē yǒu yóu;
63,梁唐晋,及汉周,称五代,皆有由;
Liang, Tang, Jin, and Han, as well as Zhou, are called the Five Dynasties, each with its reasons;
梁、唐、晋以及汉、周这些朝代被称为五代,它们都有各自存在的原因。
解释:这句话提到了中国历史上的五代十国时期的前五个朝代,即梁、唐、晋、汉、周。这些朝代相继更替,各自有一定的历史背景和原因。
yán sòng xīng,shòu zhōu shàn,shí bā chuán,nán běi hùn;
64,炎宋兴,受周禅,十八传,南北混;
The Song Dynasty flourished, succeeding the Zhou Dynasty through abdication, with eighteen emperors, and the division between the Northern and Southern Dynasties persisted.
宋朝兴起,继承了周朝的禅让制度,共传了十八位皇帝,之后南北朝时期开始出现混乱。
liáo yǔ jīn,dì hào fēn,yuán miè jīn,jué sòng shì;
65,辽与金,帝号纷,元灭金,绝宋世;
Liao and Jin, with numerous emperors, Yuan Dynasty conquered Jin and extinguished the Song Dynasty;
辽国和金国的皇帝很多,元朝灭掉了金国,宋朝也因此灭亡了。
解释:这句话描述了中国历史上的三个朝代:辽、金和元。辽国和金国是两个并立的政权,它们各自有很多皇帝。后来,元朝崛起,先后灭掉了金国和宋朝,结束了这两个政权的历史。
lì zhōng guó,jiān róng dí,jiǔ shí nián,guó zuò fèi;
66,莅中国,兼戎狄,九十年,国祚废;
Governing China, including the barbarians, ninety years later, the nation’s fate was abolished;
来到中国,统治了包括少数民族在内的地区,九十年后,国家的命运被废弃了。
tài zǔ xīng,guó dà míng,hào hóng wǔ,dū jīn líng;
67,太祖兴,国大明,号洪武,都金陵;
Emperor Taizu rose to power, establishing the great Ming Dynasty, with the era name Hongwu, and made Nanjing the capital;
朱元璋建立了明朝,国力强盛,年号洪武,定都南京(金陵)。
dài chéng zǔ,qiān yān jīng,shí qī shì,zhì chóng zhēn;
68,迨成祖,迁燕京,十七世,至崇祯;
By Emperor Chengzu, the capital was moved to Beijing, lasting for seventeen generations until Chongzhen;
明朝成祖时期,将首都迁至燕京(现在的北京),历经十七位皇帝,直至崇祯皇帝。
quán yān sì,kòu rú lín,zhì lǐ chuǎng,shén qì fén;
69,权阉肆,寇如林,至李闯,神器焚;
Eunuchs in power, bandits like forests, until Li Zicheng, the divine instrument was burned;
权力被阉割,敌人如林一般众多,到了李闯王时期,国家的重要器物被焚毁。
解释:这句话描述了一个朝代的衰败过程。权阉肆指的是权力被宦官滥用,寇如林表示敌人众多,形势严峻。至李闯,神器焚则是指到了李闯王(李自成)时期,国家的重要器物被焚毁,象征着国家的覆灭。
qīng tài zǔ,yīng jǐng mìng,jìng sì fāng,kè dà dìng;
70,清太祖,膺景命,靖四方,克大定;
Qing Dynasty’s Emperor Taizu, accepted the mandate, pacified all directions, and achieved great stability;
清太祖承担天命,平定四周战乱,成功地统一了国家。
解释:这句话描述了清朝创立者努尔哈赤(清太祖)承担天命,通过平定四周的战乱,最终成功地统一了国家。这里的“膺景命”表示承担天命,即天命所归的统治者。
gǔ jīn shǐ,quán zài zī,zǎi zhì luàn,zhī xīng shuāi;
71,古今史,全在兹,载治乱,知兴衰;
Ancient and modern history, all within this, recording the governance and chaos, knowing the rise and fall;
古代和现代的历史都在这里,记录了治理和混乱,让我们了解兴盛和衰落的原因。
dú shǐ zhě,kǎo shí lù,tōng gǔ jīn,ruò qīn mù;
72,读史者,考实录,通古今,若亲目;
Those who read history, examine the records, understand the past and present, as if witnessing it with their own eyes;
研究历史的人,通过查阅真实的记录,了解古今的事情,就像亲眼所见一样。
kǒu ér sòng,xīn ér wéi,zhāo yú sī,xī yú sī;
73,口而诵,心而惟,朝于斯,夕于斯;
Recite it orally, ponder it in your heart, from morning to night, always focused on it.
口中念诵,心中思考,从早到晚都在这样。
解释:意思是要时刻保持学习、思考和实践的态度。
xī zhòng ní,shī xiàng tuó,gǔ shèng xián,shàng qín xué;
74,昔仲尼,师项橐,古圣贤,尚勤学;
In ancient times, Confucius studied under Xiang Tuo; even the sages of old were diligent in learning.
孔子曾经向项橐学习,古代的圣贤们都勤奋好学。
解释:这句话讲述了孔子(仲尼)曾经向一个名叫项橐的人学习。这里强调了即使是古代的圣贤,也需要不断地学习和进步。
zhào zhōng lìng,dú lǔ lùn,bǐ jì shì,xué qiě qín;
75,赵中令,读鲁论,彼既仕,学且勤;
Zhao Zhongling read the Lu Lun; although he was already in office, he was still diligent in his studies.
赵中令很勤奋地学习《论语》,虽然他已经当官了,但他仍然努力学习。
pī pú biān,xuē zhú jiǎn,bǐ wú shū,qiě zhī miǎn;
76,披蒲编,削竹简,彼无书,且知勉;
Weaving cattail mats and carving bamboo slips; though they had no books, they still strived to learn.
披蒲编:用蒲草编织成书;
削竹简:用竹子削成竹片,刻上文字;
彼无书:虽然没有真正的书籍;
且知勉:但仍然努力学习。
tóu xuán liáng,zhuī cì gǔ,bǐ bù jiào,zì qín kǔ;
77,头悬梁,锥刺股,彼不教,自勤苦;
Hanging their heads from the beam and pricking their thighs with an awl; without being taught, they were hardworking and diligent.
头悬梁、锥刺股,别人不教,自己勤奋刻苦学习。这句话描述了一个人非常刻苦地学习,即使没有别人的教导,也通过自己的努力不断提高自己。
解释:头悬梁:形容非常刻苦学习,把头发挂在房梁上以防打瞌睡。
锥刺股:形容非常努力学习,用锥子刺大腿来保持清醒。
彼不教:别人不教导。
自勤苦:自己勤奋刻苦。
rú náng yíng,rú yìng xuě,jiā suī pín,xué bù chuò;
78,如囊萤,如映雪,家虽贫,学不辍;
Like fireflies in a bag and snow for reflection, even with poor families, their studies never ceased.
就像用萤火虫照亮书本,像用雪的反光来阅读,尽管家境贫寒,但学习从未停止。
rú fù xīn,rú guà jiǎo,shēn suī láo,yóu kǔ zhuó;
79,如负薪,如挂角,身虽劳,犹苦卓;
Carrying firewood and hanging horns; though their bodies were tired, they still endured hardships.
像背负重担,像悬挂在角落里,虽然身体劳累,但仍然努力坚持。
sū lǎo quán,èr shí qī,shǐ fā fèn,dú shū jí;
80,苏老泉,二十七,始发愤,读书籍;
Old Su, at the age of twenty-seven, began to be determined and read books.
苏老泉在二十七岁时,开始下定决心努力学习,阅读各种书籍。
解释:苏老泉是指北宋著名文学家苏轼的父亲苏洵。这句话描述了苏洵在27岁时开始努力学习,最终成为一位杰出的文学家。
bǐ jì lǎo,yóu huǐ chí,ěr xiǎo shēng,yí zǎo sī;
81,彼既老,犹悔迟,尔小生,宜早思;
Even in his old age, he regretted starting late; you, young ones, should think early.
他已经年纪大了,还在后悔没有早点行动,你们这些年轻人,应该早点思考和行动。
ruò liáng hào,bā shí èr,duì dà tíng,kuí duō shì;
82,若梁灏,八十二,对大廷,魁多士;
Like Liang Hao, at eighty-two, he faced the grand court and became the top scholar among many.
梁灏八十二岁时,在大殿上考取了第一名,成为了众多士子中的佼佼者。
bǐ jì chéng,zhòng chēng yì,ěr xiǎo shēng,yí lì zhì;
83,彼既成,众称异,尔小生,宜立志;
Now that he has achieved it, people call him extraordinary; you, a young student, should set your ambitions high.
他既然已经成功了,大家都觉得不同凡响,你这个年轻人,应该立下远大的志向。
yíng bā suì,néng yǒng shī,mì qī suì,néng fù qí;
84,莹八岁,能咏诗,泌七岁,能赋棋;
At the age of eight, Ying could compose poetry; at the age of seven, Mi could write about chess.
莹八岁的时候就会写诗,泌七岁的时候就会下棋。
解释:这里的莹和泌都是指古代神童,表现出他们在年幼时就具有非凡的才能。
bǐ yǐng wù,rén chēng qí,ěr yòu xué,dāng xiào zhī;
85,彼颖悟,人称奇,尔幼学,当效之;
People marveled at his intelligence; you, a young learner, should follow his example.
他聪明伶俐,大家都觉得了不起,你从小就应该向他学习。
cài wén jī,néng biàn qín,xiè dào yùn,néng yǒng yín;
86,蔡文姬,能辨琴,谢道韫,能咏吟;
Cai Wenji could discern the sounds of the guqin; Xie Daoyun could compose poetry.
蔡文姬擅长弹琴,谢道韫擅长吟诗。
解释:这句话描述了两位才女的特点。蔡文姬是东汉末年的才女,她精通音乐,尤其擅长弹琴。谢道韫是东晋时期的才女,她善于吟诗作文。这句话通过对比两位才女的技能,表现了她们各自的才华。
bǐ nǚ zǐ,qiě cōng mǐn,ěr nán zǐ,dāng zì jǐng;
87,彼女子,且聪敏,尔男子,当自警;
Those young girls were so clever; you, a young man, should be vigilant.
这个女孩聪明伶俐,你这个男孩应该自我警惕。
解释:这句话出自《诗经·小雅·鹤鸣》。这里用来形容一个聪明伶俐的女孩,同时提醒男孩要提高警惕,不要被女孩的聪明才智所迷惑。这句话可以用来劝告男孩要珍惜与聪明女孩相处的机会,同时也要努力提升自己的能力和见识。
táng liú yàn,fāng qī suì,jǔ shén tóng,zuò zhèng zì;
88,唐刘晏,方七岁,举神童,作正字;
At the age of seven, Tang Liu Yan was recognized as a prodigy and served as a government official, working as a clerk.
唐朝的刘晏,才七岁就被推荐为神童,担任正字一职。这里提到的“神童”是指年纪很小就表现出非凡才能的儿童。
bǐ suī yòu,shēn yǐ shì,ěr yòu xué,miǎn ér zhì;
89,彼虽幼,身已仕,尔幼学,勉而致;
Although he was still young, he had already embarked on a career; you, a young learner, should strive to achieve success.
虽然他年纪小,但已经开始工作了,你们这些年轻人要努力学习,努力去实现自己的目标。
yǒu wéi zhě,yì ruò shì;
90,有为者,亦若是;
Those who accomplish great things can be like this.
有作为的人,也应该这样。
quǎn shǒu yè,jī sī chén,gǒu bù xué,hé wéi rén;
91,犬守夜,鸡司晨,苟不学,曷为人;
Dogs guard the night, and roosters announce the dawn; if you do not learn, how can you be considered human?
狗在夜里守护,鸡在早晨报晓,如果不学习,怎么还能算是人呢?
解释:这句话出自《论语·子罕》。原文通过比喻,强调了学习的重要性。狗和鸡分别在夜里和早晨履行自己的职责,而人作为高等生物,更应该努力学习,不断提升自己。如果不学习,就失去了作为人的价值。
cán tǔ sī,fēng niàng mì,rén bù xué,bù rú wù;
92,蚕吐丝,蜂酿蜜,人不学,不如物;
Silkworms spin silk, and bees make honey; if a person does not learn, they are inferior to these creatures.
蚕能吐丝制作丝绸,蜜蜂能酿蜜,人如果不学习,就不如这些小动物。
yòu ér xué,zhuàng ér xíng,shàng zhì jūn,xià zé mín;
93,幼而学,壮而行,上致君,下泽民;
Study in youth, act in prime; serve the ruler above, benefit the people below.
从小就学习,长大后实践,努力为国家尽忠,同时造福百姓。
yáng míng shēng,xiǎn fù mǔ,guāng yú qián,yù yú hòu;
94,扬名声,显父母,光于前,裕于后;
Spread one’s fame, honor parents; shine in the past, prosper in the future.
提高声誉,让父母感到光荣,使自己在生前有成就,让后代子孙生活富足。
rén yí zǐ,jīn mǎn yíng,wǒ jiào zǐ,wéi yī jīng;
95,人遗子,金满籝,我教子,惟一经;
Others leave their children with chests of gold; I teach my child, only with a single scripture.
别人留给孩子满箱的金钱,而我却只教给孩子一部经典。
qín yǒu gōng,xì wú yì,jiè zhī zāi,yí miǎn lì;
96,勤有功,戏无益,戒之哉,宜勉力;
Diligence brings success, play brings no benefit; take heed, and strive to work hard.
勤奋努力会带来成功,玩乐消遣没有好处,要警惕这个道理,应该加倍努力。