Running is a great form of exercise. However, running under ce rtain conditions can cause a variety of injuries.
跑步是一种很好的运动形式。但是，在某些条件下跑步可能会引发各种受伤。

The National Running Association recently released the results of its latest survey on common running injuries , as illustrated in the picture on the above. According to the survey results, the most reported cases are related to knee injury and muscle pull. With the former occurring a little less frequently. About a quarter of the respondents say they have had plantar fascitis( 筋膜炎 ). The number of respondents suffering from Achilles tendonitis(跟腱炎) or shin splints in nearly twice that of those with stress fracture, which is also what fewest respondents report.
最近公布的全国跑步协会关于常见跑步受伤的调查结果显示，最多报告的情况涉及膝盖受伤和肌肉拉伤。前者发生的频率略低一些。大约四分之一的受访者表示他们患过足底筋膜炎。患有跟腱炎或胫骨炎的受访者数量几乎是报告应力骨折的两倍，而这也是最少有受访者报告的情况。

There are two main causes of running injury: structural imbalance and training volume. Structural imbalance occurs when a certain muscle group is weak and requires other muscle groups to help. The body adapts to stresses and becomes stronger. This is the basic principle of training. However, if you push too fast or run too far, you can stress the body in such a way that it never has time to fully recover. Training progression and moderation are the keys to avoiding overuse injury. Here are several ways to avoid running injury.
跑步受伤有两个主要原因：结构不平衡和训练量。结构不平衡发生在某个肌肉群比较虚弱，在需要其他肌肉群帮助的情况下。身体会适应压力并变得更强壮。这是训练的基本原则。然而，如果你跑得太快或跑得太远，就会过度压力身体，没有足够时间恢复。适度的训练进展和控制是避免过度使用引起受伤的关键。以下是几种避免跑步受伤的方法。

Prepare your body for running by walking.
通过步行来准备跑步的身体。

Understand your body type and be patient
了解自己的体型并保持耐心。

Follow a sensible training plan or find a coach.
遵循合理的训练计划或寻找教练。

Wear the right shoes.
穿合适的鞋子。

The cause of the injury is not easy to diagnose. For example, a foot problem can cause a problem in the knees or back. Finding and treating the cause of a running injury is the job of a trained doctor. More importantly, listen to your body and recognize the signs of over-training so that you can avoid running injury.
受伤的原因不易诊断。例如，脚部问题可能引发膝盖或背部问题。找到并治疗跑步受伤的原因是受过训练的医生的工作。更重要的是，倾听身体的声音，认识过度训练的迹象，这样你就可以避免跑步受伤。

1. Which group of injuries best fits the blanks numbered (1),(2),3) and (4) in the picture?
   A.(1) knee injury; (2) muscle pull; (3) stress fracture; (4) shin splints
   B.(1) muscle pull; (2) knee injury; (3) stress fracture; (4) Achilles tendonitis.
   C.(1) knee injury; (2) muscle pull; (3) shin splints; (4) stress fracture
   D.(1) muscle pull; (2) knee injury; (3) Achilles tendonitis; (4) stress fracture
   答案：D

2. According to the passage, which of the following leads to structural imbalance?
   A. Using some muscles more intensely than others.
   B. Training weak muscles more often than strong ones.
   C. Adapting your body to stresses slowly.
   D. Giving your body little time to recover.
   答案：A

3. According to the passage, if you want to find out why your back and knees hurt after running, you had better _.
   A. turn to a coach for help
   B. consult a trained doctor
   C. understand your body type first
   D. wear another pair of running shoes
   答案：B